Development Flashcards
What is development?
The promotion of economic growth to bring about increased material standard of living
What does HDI stands for?
Human Development Indicator
What is HDI?
A composite stadistic including life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and GNP
GDP
The monetary value of all goods and services over time
GNP
GDP plus income and expenditure from foreign countries
Life expectancy
The average number of years a person in a country can expect to live
Birth rate
The number of live births per thousand of population per year
Death rate
The number of deaths per thousand of population
Adult literacy rate
The percentage of people aged over 15 who can read and write
Number of Doctors per 1000 people
The number of people per each doctor in a country
Percentage in primary education
The percentage of children who attend full time primary education
What are development indicators
Usually a numerical measure of quality of life in a country
Why is life expectancy lower in LEDC’s?
Less healthcare
Poor quality diet
Vaccination
Harder working/living conditions
Why is birth rate higher in LEDC’s
Less women rights
Less preservatives
Families need more working children
Why is adult literacy rate lower in LEDC’s?
Less public education
No compulsary education
Child labour
Name the three steps of development in a country
LEDC, NIC, MEDC
How does natural hazards influence poverty?
Destroy homes
Destroy jobs
Less resilient and cant afford to recover
How does connectivity influence poverty?
Easier trade
Easier movement of labour
Spreads technology
How does climate (agricultural poverty) influences poverty?
Droughts, unpredictable rainfall
Crops cannot be grown
Lack of water
How does climate (diseases) influences poverty?
Tropical de
Diseases thrive
Less vaccinations
How does weak institutions influences poverty?
Corruption
Dictatorships
Economic leakage
How does historical factors influences poverty?
Unstable governments left
Tribal and cultural tensions
How does location influences poverty?
Landlocked-> difficult trade
Rely in neighbouring countries
How does trade influences poverty?
Rich countries create:
Tariffs: taxes
Subsidies: investing in your markets
UNFAIR GLOBAL TRADING RULES
How does natural resources influence poverty?
Are called intensifiers
Make poor countries poorer and rich countries poorer
Development Gap
Widening difference in levels of development between countries. This can also occur within countries.
Bilateral aid
Aid given from one country (donor) to another (recipient)
Multilateral aid
When countries give aid to independent organisations who provide aid to other countries
Voluntary aid
Money collected by charities
Tied aid
When the donor puts a condition. E.g. Improve water supplies
Emergency aid
Short term aid following a natural disaster
Advantages of aid
It boosts a country to develop (if managed well)
Saves lives
Helps re-build infrastructure
Disadvantages of aid
It can lead to corruption (government doesn’t sees the need to invest)
The recipient becomes dependent
The government looses power because of NGO’s taking control
