Given a scenario, configure a subnet and use appropriate IP addressing schemes.

Question 1

What is the difference between public and private IP addresses?

Answer 1

Public IP addresses are globally unique and routable on the internet, while private IP addresses (RFC1918) are used within private networks and are not routable on the internet.

Question 2

What is RFC1918?

Answer 2

RFC1918 defines the range of IP addresses reserved for private use within a network:

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Question 3

What is Network Address Translation (NAT)?

Answer 3

NAT is a method that translates private IP addresses to a public IP address, allowing multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address for internet access.

Question 4

What is Port Address Translation (PAT)?

Answer 4

PAT, also known as NAT overload, is a type of NAT that maps multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address by using different ports

Question 5

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

Answer 5

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses allowing for 4.3 billion unique addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses allowing for 3.4 x 10^38 unique addresses, providing a larger address space and improved features.

Question 6

What is Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)?

Answer 6

APIPA is a feature in IPv4 that allows devices to self-assign an IP address in the 169.254.x.x range when a DHCP server is unavailable.

Question 7

What is Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-64)?

Answer 7

EUI-64 is a method used in IPv6 to automatically configure a 64-bit interface identifier using a device’s MAC address

Question 8

What is multicast in IP addressing?

Answer 8

Multicast is a method of sending a single data packet to multiple recipients on a network using a single IP address (e.g., 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 for IPv4).

Question 9

What is unicast in IP addressing?

Answer 9

Unicast is a one-to-one communication method where data is sent from one sender to one specific recipient.

Question 10

What is anycast in IP addressing?

Answer 10

Anycast is a communication method where data is sent from one sender to the nearest or best destination among a group of potential receivers, typically used in IPv6

Question 11

What is broadcast in IP addressing?

Answer 11

Broadcast is a communication method where data is sent from one sender to all devices on a network segment, typically using the address 255.255.255.255 in IPv4.

Question 12

What is link-local addressing?

Answer 12

Link-local addresses are used for communication between devices on the same local network segment. For IPv4, it is in the 169.254.0.0/16 range, and for IPv6, it is in the FE80::/10 range.

Question 13

What is the loopback address?

Answer 13

The loopback address is used to test network software on a local machine. For IPv4, it is 127.0.0.1, and for IPv6, it is ::1.

Question 14

What is a default gateway?

Answer 14

A default gateway is a network device, typically a router, that routes traffic from a local network to other networks or the internet.

Question 15

What is classless (variable-length subnet mask) subnetting?

Answer 15

Classless subnetting allows for variable-length subnet masks (VLSM) that enable more efficient use of IP addresses by allocating subnet sizes according to the needs of each segment.

Question 16

What is classful subnetting?

Answer 16

Classful subnetting divides the IP address space into fixed classes (A, B, C, D, E), each with a predefined number of addresses and fixed subnet masks.

Question 17

What is Class A IP address range?

Answer 17

Class A IP addresses range from 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 with a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0.

Question 18

What is Class B IP address range?

Answer 18

Class B IP addresses range from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 with a default subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

Question 19

What is Class C IP address range?

Answer 19

Class C IP addresses range from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 with a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

Question 20

What is Class D IP address range?

Answer 20

Class D IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 and are reserved for multicast groups.

Question 21

What is Class E IP address range?

Answer 21

Class E IP addresses range from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 and are reserved for experimental and future use.

Question 22

What is Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation?

Answer 22

CIDR notation represents IP addresses and their associated network masks, such as 192.168.1.0/24, allowing more flexible and efficient IP address allocation

Question 23

What is IPv6 tunneling?

Answer 23

IPv6 tunneling encapsulates IPv6 traffic within IPv4 packets to enable communication over IPv4 networks, aiding in the transition from IPv4 to IPv6.

Question 24

What is dual stack in IPv6?

Answer 24

Dual stack refers to running both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols on the same network, allowing devices to communicate over either protocol.

Question 25

What is shorthand notation in IPv6?

Answer 25

Shorthand notation in IPv6 simplifies address representation by removing leading zeros and consecutive zeros, such as converting 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 to 2001:db8::42:0:8a2e:370:7334.

Question 26

What is router advertisement in IPv6?

Answer 26

Router advertisement in IPv6 is a mechanism where routers periodically send multicast messages to announce their presence and network information to hosts.

Question 27

What is Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) in IPv6?

Answer 27

SLAAC allows IPv6 devices to automatically configure their own IP addresses using router advertisements, without the need for a DHCP server.

Question 28

What is a Virtual IP (VIP)?

Answer 28

A Virtual IP (VIP) is an IP address assigned to multiple devices or interfaces, allowing for load balancing and high availability in network services

Question 29

What are subinterfaces?

Answer 29

Subinterfaces are virtual interfaces created on a single physical interface, allowing the interface to be divided into multiple logical interfaces for VLANs or other network segmentation purposes.