GITI Flashcards
Name the 3 virus’ associated with GE
adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus
Name the bacteria associated with GE
campylobacteria, e.coli, salmonella, shingella, cholera, yersinga
Incubation period for GE (viral and bac), Toxin mediated food poisoning, H pylori, Shingella, parasites, caymplyo
GE viral = 24-48hrs. GE bac = 12 hours. TMDP = few hours. shingella = 1-3days. campylo =2-5 days. h pylori 5-10 days . parasites = 7-10 days.
Spread of disease for Viral GE, Shingella, H Pylori, campylobac
Viral GE = fecal - oral. Shingella = person to person fecal - oral. h pylori oral - oral or fecal - oral. campylobac = contaminated food or water
Describe the transmission, composition and prevention of HEP A
fecal to oral. +ve single stranded RNA. vaccination
Name the 3 consequences of Hep A in order of severity
Asymptomatic, icteric, fulminant
Name the preiteric and icteric symptoms of actute viral hepatitis
Preicteric = malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdo, pyrexia… Icteric= pale stools, dark urine, jaundice,
Name the 3 antigens in a Hep B Virus
HBSAg, HBCAg, HBeAg
Describe the 4 outcomes of a Hep B infection
subclinical 50%, acute icteria hep, fulimant, chronic hep 10%,
3 ways Hep B can be transmitted
perinatal, parenteral, sexual
How is Hep B diagnosed
HBSAg antigens detected- only show if infected at some point in life. Further IgM antibodys are found in acute Hep B Anti HBC and surface ones bound. Chronic infection is diagnosed by HBSAg >6months
Whats significant about being ANTI HBeAg +ve
All chronic patients start as HBEAg +ve really infective and high risk inflammation. 1-2% of them develop ANTI HBEAg +VE antibodies - still chronically infected but much less infective and have much less inflammation
How is Hep B prevented
passive- hep B immunoglobulin. active- hep B vaccine, HBSAg induces ANTI HBSAg
How is Hep E spread
Feacal to oral
Outcomes of Hep C
Acute - asymptomatic. Chronic - Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular carcinoma
Whats different about treatment and diagnosis of Hep C
Hep C is quasisspecies therefor many virus in patient hat have different genomes - harder to treat and diagnose as usually look for one specific type.
How do you diagnose Hep C
Anti HCV - if positive HCV RNA detection to show if infection current
Describe Cholecystitis
infection of the gall bladder
symptoms of cholecystitis
abdo pain, tenderness, fever and vomiting,
What is Cholangitis
infection of the biliary tree
Difference in symptoms between Cholecystitis and Cholangitis
Changitis has prominent jaundice rigor and pyrexia
name the two most dangerous of salmonella and what they can result in
s. typhi and s. paratyphi . life threatening sepsis
where do you carry salmonella without realising
in the gall bladder
result of shigella
fluid loss, shock, haemorrhagic cholitis - potentially life threatening
common cause of c. difficile GE
broad spec anti biotics as it lives in intestine usually
symptoms of c. difficile infection
diarhoea, abdo cramp, colitis, death, bowel perforation
why is c . difficile easily transmitted
spores can survive everywhere
treatments for
c. parvum
giardia lambia
entamoeba histolyia
self limiting
oral metronidazole
metrondazole
symptoms of h.pylori
blood stained stools, haemtemesis, epigastric pain, nausea and vom
e.coli enterotoxigenic symptoms
abdo pain cramps diarrhoea
enterohaemorrhagic e.coli can cause?
life threatening as can cause haemolysis and renal failure HUS 8%
how do you treat enterohaemorrhagic e.coli
dont give anti b’s
