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Physiology GIT 206 > GIT Secretion: Salivary > Flashcards

GIT Secretion: Salivary Flashcards

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1
Q

Salivary gland that contributes the most to salivary secretion

A

Submandibular

contributes to 70% of the salivary secretion

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2
Q

types of Secretory cells in Parotid gland Acini

A

Serous

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3
Q

types of Secretory cells in Sublingual gland

A

Mixed (mucoserous)

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4
Q

types of Secretory cells in Submandibular Gland

A

Mixed (mucoserous)

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5
Q

types of Secretory cells in Small buccal Glands

A

Mucous

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6
Q

Describe ionic composition of first stage (primary Secretion) of salivary secretion

A

Ionic composition is same as that of plasma (ECF) with ptyalin & mucin enzymes , therefore It’s Isotonic saliva

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7
Q

Second stage of salivary secretion

A

It’s the modification of primary secretion at the ducts
1. By sodium potassium pump stimulated by aldosterone, 3 sodium (Na+) reabsorbed in exchange for 2 Potassium (K+)
2. This causes Passive reabsorption of Cl-
3. Bicarbonates is both, Actively secreted into the saliva, and exchanged with Cl- into saliva
4. Due to Decrease in Ionic concentration, Osmosis should occur out of saliva, but doesnt due to impermeability of ducts to water
5. So Saliva (secretion) becomes Hypotonic

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8
Q

Describe what changes in saliva Secondary secretion during parasympathetic stimulation

A

There is Rapid flow of saliva, therefore:
* Decrease in Ductal modification
* Composition becomes similar to that of Plasma
* Potassium doesnt increase as much
* Bicarbonate may Increase

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9
Q

Enumerate protective function of Saliva to Oral mucosa

A
  1. Cooling of hot food
  2. Neutralization of Acid by buffer (bicarbonate): maintain pH 7 & relieves heartburn in GERD
  3. Protect against Pathogenic bacteria
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10
Q

Describe how saliva protects against pathogenic Bacteria

A
  • Causes Washing away of bacteria
  • contains Lysozymes
  • Contains IgA
  • Contains Lactoferrin which is Bacteriostatic
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11
Q

Describe how saliva protects the teeth

A
  1. Buffers keep pH at 7, where Calcium doesnt dissolve
  2. Fluoride (added in drinking water) is exerted in saliva protects teeth enamel
  3. Proline-rich proteins protect teeth enamel & binds to toxic tannins
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12
Q

Explain effect of Xerostomia

A

it causes dried oral mucosa, resulting in ulceration and dental Caries

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13
Q

When does Salivary amylase is deactivated and reactivated

A
  • Deactivation: in stomach by low pH
  • Reactivation: In small intestine by high pH
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14
Q

Lubrication & wetting function of saliva

A
  • Swallowing: lubricates food
  • Speech: keep mouth moist
  • Taste: acts as solvent for molecules
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15
Q

Parasympathetic Centers of the salivary secretions

A
  • Superior Salivary Nuclei
  • Inferior Salivary Nuclei
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16
Q

Efferent of Superior Salivary Nuclei

A

Chorda tympani of the Facial N, Relay in submandibular Ganglion

17
Q

Efferent of Inferior Salivary Nuclei

A

Glossopharyngeal N, relay in the Otic Ganglion

18
Q

Glands supplied by Chorda tympani (Superior salivary Nucleus)

A

Sublingual & submandibular gland

19
Q

Glands Supplied by Glossopharyngeal N (Inferior Salivary Nucleus)

A

Parotid gland

20
Q

effect of Parasympathetic NS on Salivary secretion

A
  • Local Release of VIP
  • Causes Vasodilatation
  • Profuse Secretion of Saliva with High electrolytes & relatively low content of organic material
21
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of Saliva is inhibited by

A

Atropine

22
Q

Center of Sympathetic innervation of Salivary secretion

A

1 & 2 thoracic segments

23
Q

effect of Sympathetic innervation on Salivary secretion

A

Vasoconstriction, Secretion of small amounts of Saliva with high organic content

24
Q

Stimulus of Unconditional reflex of Salivary secretion

A

Food in mouth (in Newborns)

25
Q

Center of Unconditional reflex of Salivary secretion

A

Superior and Inferior Salivary Nuclei

26
Q

Stimulus of conditional reflex of Salivary secretion

A

Thinking of food

27
Q

Center of conditional reflex of Salivary secretion

A
  • Cerebral Cortex
  • Appetite Area in hypothalamus

Physiology GIT 206 (17 decks)

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