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FOE > Git Anatomy > Flashcards

Git Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Function of large intestine?

A
  1. Absorption of water
  2. Production of certain vitamins
  3. Storage of undigested food 4.
  4. Formation and excretion of feces
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2
Q

Where is ileum attached to cecum?

A

At the junction of ascending colon and cecum on the the left side

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3
Q

Position of appendix on - - cecum?

A

Posteriomedial surface of cecum about 1 inch below the ileocecal junction

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4
Q

Vasculature of cecum?

A

Anterior and posterior cecal arteries from ileocolic arteries which is a branch of sma
Veins trains into superior mesentarie vein

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5
Q

Nerve supply to celum?

A

Sympathetic and vagus via superior mesenteric plexus

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6
Q

What is meso appendix?

A

Appendix is completely covered by peritoneum which is attached to the mesentery of small intestine by a short mesentery of its own called meso appendix
Mess appendix have vessels and nerves of appendix

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7
Q

Vasculature of appendix?

A

Appendicular artery
Is a branch of posterior cecal artery
Veins drain into posterior decal vein

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8
Q

Length and position of ascending colon?

A

Length = 5 inch
Extends upwards from cecum to inferior surface of right lobe of liver

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9
Q

What part of ascending colon is covered by peritoneum?

A

Front and sides are covered by peritoneum and it is attached to posterior abdominal wall
From behind

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10
Q

Vasculature of ascending colon?

A

’ Ileocolic artery and right colic artery branches of sma

Veins drain into superior mesentaric vein

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11
Q

Length and position of transverse colon?

A

Length= 15 inch goes across the abdomen
And occupies umbilical and hypogastric region
From right colic flexure below right lobe of liver to left colic flexure below the spleen
Left colic flexure is higher than right

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12
Q

Phrenicocolic ligament?

A

Ligament that helds the left colic flexures in place

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13
Q

Mesentery of transverse colon?

A

Transverse mesocelon
Attached to superior border of transverse colon ç and suspend it from pancreas
Greater omentum
Attached to inferior border of transverse colon

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14
Q

Vasculature of transverse colon??

A

Proximal two thirds → middle colic artery → sma
Distal one thirds → left colic artery → ima

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15
Q

Length and position of descending colon?

A

Length = 10 inch descends downward from the left colic flexure
To the pelvis brim

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16
Q

Peritoneum on descending colon?

A

It is covered by peritoneum on front and sides and attaches it to the posterior was

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17
Q

Vasculature of descending color??

A

Left colic and sigmoid branches of ima
Veins drains into Imv

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18
Q

Length and position of sigmoid colon?

A

Length = 10 - 15 inch
Continuation of descending colon and then goes down to 3rd sacral vertebra where rectum Strats

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19
Q

Sigmoid mesocolon??

A
  • Fan shaped , ‘attaches sigmoid colon with posterior abdominal wan
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20
Q

Vasculature of sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid branches of ima

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21
Q

What ligament divides the liver into right and left lobe?

A

Falsiform ligament

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22
Q

What structures divide the right note of liver into quadrate and caudate lobes?

A
  1. Fissure for ligament venosum
  2. Fissure for ligament teres
  3. Gall bladder
  4. Inferior vena cava
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23
Q

How much liver is surrounded by peritoneum ?

A

Liver is partially surrounded by peritoneum

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24
Q

What is the position of porta hepatic and the structures passing through it.?

A

It is posterioinferiorly and the structures passing are

Right and left hepatic ducts
Portal vein
Right and left branches of hepatic artery
Nerves and lymph vessels

25
Q

What is ligamentum teres and where is
Its fissure located in liver?

A

Ligament teres is the fibrous remain of umbilical vein
Its fissure is present between left lobe and quadrate lobe

26
Q

What is ligament venosum and where is its fissure present?

A

It is the remain of ductus venosus
Its fissure is present between left lobe and caudate lobe

27
Q

Position of groove for inferior vena cava in liver?

A

Between the right and caudate lob e

28
Q

Position of fossa of gall bladder?

A

Between quadrate and right lobe
There is no peritoneum between gall bladder and right lobe of liver

29
Q

What is falciform ligament and what. Does it attaches liver to?

A

It is two-layered peritoneal fold
It attaches liver to the diaphragm above and anterior abdominal wall below
It contains ligament teres

30
Q

What does the coronary ligament attaches the liver to?

A

To diaphragm

31
Q

How is right triangular ligament formed and what does it attaches liver to?

A

It is formed by V shaped fold of peritoneum by right
End of coronary ligament
Connects the posterior surface of right lobe to the diaphragm

32
Q

How is left triangular ligament formed?

A

Formed by the folding of left end of coronary ligament
Attaches the left lobe to the diaphragm posteriorly

33
Q

Attachments of lesser omentum?

A

Upper end is attached to the margins of porta hepatic and fissure of ligaments venosum
Lower end is attached to the lesser curvature of stomach

34
Q

Urinary secretions occurs due to which three processes?

A

Glomerular filtration - tubular reabsorption + tubular secretions = urinary excretions

35
Q

Glomerular filtration “ rate depends upon?

A

1.net filtration pressure
2. Kf (filteration coefficient )
GFR = nf pressure x kf

36
Q

What are the coloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in glomerular capillaries and bowman’s capsule?

A
  1. Glomerular capillaries pressure:
    Hs = 50 mm Hg
    Co = 30 mmhlg
  2. Bowman’s capsule pressures:
    Hs =10 mm Hg
    Co = O mm Hg
37
Q

What is the net filtration pressure or starling forces of glomerulus?

A

Net filtration pressure = forces favoring filtration - forces opposing filtration
Nfp= (GChp +BCco) - (GCco+BChp)
Nfp=(50+0) -(30+10)
Nfp=10mmHg

38
Q

What is filtration co-efficient or what does it depends on?

A

Kf = permeability of membrane ( hydrolic conductivity) x surface area of membrane
Increase in any one of them will increase kf and it will in turn increase GFR

39
Q

What is filtration, fraction ?

A

The fraction of Plasma flow through glomerular capillary that has been filtered
Ff = GFR / renal plasma flow
Ff=120/600
Ff=0.2 or 20 %

40
Q

How much is filtration coefficient?

A

Since GFR=Nfp x Kf
Kf= GFR/Nfp =120/10=12ml/mmhg/min/total glomeruli in total renal substance of both kidneys ( 300 g)

41
Q

Diseases that thickened the glomerular membrane or decreases its permeability?

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Hypertension
42
Q

Diseases that reduces surface area of kidneys and glomeruli becomes fibrotic ?

A
  1. Chronic pyelonephritis ( inflammation of kidneys )
  2. Chronic glomeruloneph ritis ( inflammation of gromeruli )
43
Q

Vasculature of liver?

A
  1. Hepatic artery (branch of celiac artery)
  2. Portal vein enters the liver
    3.hepatic vein drains into inferior vena cava
44
Q

Lymph drainage of liver?

A

Drains into celiac nodes in porta hepatic and some drains into posterior mediastinal modes

45
Q

Anatomy and function of gall bladders?

A

Pear shaped
Present on undersurface of liver
Three parts: fundus, body and neck
Neck is continuous with cystic duct
Function = stores and concentrate bile by absorbing water from it

46
Q

Arterial and Venus supply of gan bladder?

A

Cystic artery which is branch of right hepatic artery
Cystic vein that drains into portal vein

47
Q

Lymph drainage of gall bladder?

A

Cystic modes near the neck of gall bladder→ hepatic modes → celiac modes

48
Q

Hormone that contracts the gall bladder?

A

Cholecystokinin → produced by duodenum when food arrives in stomach

49
Q

What is ampulla of vater?

A

Where common bile duct and pancreatic duct opens into duodenum

50
Q

What is the sphincter around ampulla of vater? Called

A

Sphincter of oddi

51
Q

What is uncinate process of pancreas?

A

It is projection on the left from lower part of the head

52
Q

Where does the hilus of pancreas ends?

A

It ends in the hilus of spleen through Splenicorenal ligament

53
Q

Location of pancrease?

A

Behind the stomach and on posterior abdominal wall

54
Q

What is the blood supply of pancreas?

A

. Splenic and superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

55
Q

Vein of pancreas drains into?

A

Portal vein

56
Q

What is the position of spleen?

A

Beneath the left half of diaphragm close to 9th, 10th and 11th ribs

57
Q

What are the ligament of spleen and what are their contents?

A
  1. Gastrosplenic omentum → connects it to stomach
    Contents → short gastric and left gastroepiploic artery
  2. Splenicorenal ligaments → connects it to left kidney
    Contents → tail of pancreas and splenic vessels
58
Q

Vasculature of spleen?

A

Splenic artery → branch of celiac artery
Splenic veins drains into portal vein by joining SMV

FOE (7 decks)

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