GIS W5 Pharmacology of Antiemetics and IBD

Question 1

DOLASETRON, ONDANSETRON,
GRANISETRON, PALONOSETRON

DOG Pee

Answer 1

Name the 5HT3 antagonists

i) Blockade of peripheral 5HT3 receptors on intestinal vagal afferents

Question 2

METOCLOPRAMIDE,
DROPERIDOL, PHENOTHIAZINES: PROCHLORPERAZINE, PROMETHAZINE

MD PPP

Answer 2

Name the D2 antagonists:

i) Blockade of D2 (and muscarinic) receptors in the CTZ

Question 3

SCOPALAMINE

Answer 3

11) Antimuscarinic:
a) Mechanisms of Action
i) Blockade of muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors in the cerebellum

Question 4

DIMENHYDRINATE, DIPHENHYDRAMINE, MECLIZINE

Answer 4

12) Antihistamines:
a) Mechanisms of Action
i) Blockade of H1 and muscarinic receptors in the cerebellum

Question 5

APREPITANT/FOSAPREPITANT

Answer 5

13) NK1 antagonist:
a) Mechanisms of Action
i) Blockade of neurokinin (tachykinin) receptor 1

Question 6

DRONABINOL, NABILONE, MEDICAL MARIJUANA

Answer 6

14) Cannabinoids:
a) Mechanisms of Action
i) Activation of central cannabinoid receptors (intrinsic agonist is anandamide) in CNS

Question 7

DEXAMETHASONE

Answer 7

15) Corticosteroid:
a) Mechanisms of Action
i) Unknown; both central and peripheral components
ii) Benefits include other actions: anti-inflammatory actions, increased appetite

Question 8

17) PEG-electrolyte solution

Answer 8

a) OSMOTIC CATHARTIC before endoscopic procedures: not absorbed  increased retention of H2O in lumen due to osmosis  looser stool
b) WHOLE BOWEL IRRIGATION

Question 9

MESALAMINE,
BALSALAZIDE, SULFASALAZINE

ME BAL SULFAS

Answer 9

20) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS (AMINOSALICYLATES):

a) Mechanism of action
i) all are variants of MESALAMINE (5 AMINOSALICYLIC ACID, 5-ASA), which is poorly absorbed from the GI tract
ii) as with other NSAIDS, these drugs block prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, reducing inflammation

Question 10

BUDESONIDE, PREDNISONE, PREDNISOLONE

Answer 10

21) IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS:

a) CORTICOSTEROIDS

Question 11

AZATHIOPRINE  6-MERCAPTOPURINE, METHOTREXATE

Answer 11

21) IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS:

b) ANTIMETABOLITES

Question 12

ADALIMUMAB, CERTOLIZUMAB,

INFLIXIMAB

Answer 12

22) Anti-TNFα antibodies:

a) Mechanisms of Action
i) dysregulation of TH1 response occurs in IBD (especially Crohn’s disease) and TNFα is one of the key proinflammatory cytokines in the TH1 response

Question 13

NATALIZUMAB

Answer 13

23) Anti-α4 subunit of integrin:

a) Mechanisms of Action
i) Inhibits diapedesis