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Geographic Information Systems > gis coordinate systems > Flashcards

gis coordinate systems Flashcards

1
Q

coordinate pair

A

x-y value undicating a position a planar coordinate sytem

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2
Q

coordinate space

A

range of x and y values onto which maps are plotted

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3
Q

origin

A

origin of a coordinate system

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4
Q

map units

A

units of coordinate system in which a map is stored or displayed

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5
Q

coordinate system

A

specified range of x-y values onto which a map is plotted or the definition of a coordinate space used by a map layer, including the ellipsoid , datum , and projection

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6
Q

degrees

A

measurement units used in the spherical coordinate system: a circle has 360 degrees

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7
Q

longitude

A

a spherical unit measuring angular distance east or west from the prime meeridian

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8
Q

prime meridian

A

the line of zero longitude on the earth, passing through Greenwich, England

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9
Q

lattitude

A

a spherical unit measuring angular distance north north or south of the equator

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10
Q

GCS

A

sperical coordinate system of degrees of lattitude and longitude that is used to locate features on earth’s surface

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11
Q

spheroid

A

kind of ellipsoid

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12
Q

ellipsoid

A

spheroidal volume with unequal axes, used to approximate the shape of the earth in map projections

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13
Q

geoid

A

shape of earth as defined by mean sea level and affected by topographic and gravitational factors

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14
Q

datum

A

combination of an earth ellipsoid and a reference point to reduce mapping discrepancies for a particular region

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15
Q

transformation

A

conversion of one geographic coordinate system and datum to another

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16
Q

cylindrical projection

A

a map projection derived by projecting sperical latitude-longitude values onto a cylinder wrapped about a sphere

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17
Q

transverse projection

A

a map projection in which spherical coordinates are converted to locations on a cylinder or cone tangent to the sphere along a line of longitude

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18
Q

oblique projection

A

a map projection in which projections on a sphere are projected to cylinder or cone of paper at an arbitrary angle

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19
Q

conic projection

A

a map projection derived by projecting latitude-longitude values on a paper cone covering a sphere

20
Q

tangent projection

A

a map projection in which sperical coordinates are projected upon a surface that lies tangent to the spere along one line of latitude

21
Q

secant projection

A

a map projection in which spherical coordinates are projected onto a surface that intersects the sphere along two great circles

22
Q

azimuthal projection

A

a map projection onto a flat plane that is tangent or secant to the earth’s surface

23
Q

stereographic projection

A

a map projection in which locations on a sphere are projected onto a planar surface

24
Q

orthographic projection

A

a map projection in which locations on a sphere are projected onto a planar surface

25
Q

parameters

A

specific values associated with map projections that define how it appears; variables that serve as inputs to models

26
Q

central meridian

A

the central longitude of a map projection for which the the x coordinate equals zero

27
Q

lattitude of origin

A

a reference lattitude of a map projection where the y value is zero

28
Q

reference latitude

A

the lattutude of origin

29
Q

standard parallel

A

a parameter of a map projection indicating the lattitude(s) at which the projection surface lies tangent or secant to the sphere

30
Q

false northing

A

arbitrary y-coordinate translation applied to map projection, usially to ensure that all values are positive

31
Q

false easting

A

arbitrary x-coordinate translation applied to map projection, usially to ensure that all values are positive

32
Q

spatial referecne

A

the complete description of how the spatial data are stored for a feature class that includes the coordinate system, the X/Y Domain, and the precision

33
Q

georeferenced

A

a spatial data layer that is tied to a specific location on the earth’s surface for display with other data

34
Q

world file

A

text file containing the georeferencing information for a raster

35
Q

ground control points

A

a set of points that match easily identifiable locations on two different data layers to enable georeferencing of one layer to another

36
Q

rectify

A

to rotate, resize, or warp an image to match a map base using a selected set of ground control points

37
Q

affine transformation

A

process to translate, rotate, or skew an image to fit a new coordinate system

38
Q

rubbersheeting

A

process to deform a raster to fit it to a new coordinate system

39
Q

RMSE

A

The root mean squared differences between a set of original and translated points

40
Q

UTM

A

family of map projections defined for 60 zones around the world and based on a transverse cylindrical projection

41
Q

State Plane

A

group of projections defined for different regions of the United States and designed to minimize map distortions

42
Q

X/Y domain

A

maximum allowable range of values stored by a feature class

43
Q

resolution

A

the ground area represented by one cell value in a raster; default storage precision of vector data set

44
Q

extent

A

the range of x-y coordinates displayed in a map or stored in a data layer

45
Q

Define Projection tool

A

tool to guide the user through the task of assigning a coordinate system to a spatial data layer

46
Q

Project tool

A

too that converts a feature class from one coordinate system to another

47
Q

projection

A

mathematical transformation that converts spherical units of lattitude and longitude to a planar x-y coordinate

Geographic Information Systems (13 decks)

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