Giant Cell Arteritis Flashcards
1
Q
define GCA?
A
granulomatous inflammation of large arteries, particularly branches of the external carotid artery, most commonly the TEMPORAL ARTERY
2
Q
risk factors of GCA?
A
- it is common in older people
- associated with HLA-DR4 and HLA -DRB1
3
Q
what is the epidemiology of GCA?
A
- more common in females
- peak onset is from 65-70
4
Q
presenting symptoms of GCA?
A
- subacute headache over a few weeks
- headache
- jaw claudication
- blurred vision
- sudden blindness
- systemic response
- symtoms of PMR
5
Q
what are the signs of GCA on physical examination?
A
- swelling and erythema over the temporal artery
- scalp tenderness
- reduced visual acuity
6
Q
what investigations are relevant for GCA?
A
- blood: raised ESR and normal creatine kinase
- temporal artery biopsy: negative response does not confirm GCA
7
Q
a management plan for GCA?
A
- high dose oral prednisolone (40-60)
- must be given immediately to prevent visual loss
- urgent ophthalmology review to prevent irreversible blindness
- low dose aspirin
8
Q
what are the complications of GCA?
A
- aneurysms
- thrombosis
- embolism to the ophthalmic artery
9
Q
what is the prognosis for patients with GCA?
A
- the condition will last for 2 years before complete remission.
