GI2-Ex1 Terminology Flashcards
General accumulation of serous fluid in various tissues and body cavities
Anasarca
Small ulcer on mucous membrane
Aphthous/Aphthoid
Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
absence of secretion of bile
Clay colored stools
Acholic
Hand flapping associated with hepatic encephalopathy
Asterixis
A firm lump felt in the perirectal pouch on rectal examination. It is a rare physical finding in patients with
metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
Blumer shelf
rumbling noise caused by propulsion of gas through the intestines
Borborgmi
stoppage or suppression of bile flow, due to factors within (intrahepatic cholestasis) or outside the liver
(extrahepatic cholestasis)
Cholestasis
tetany, tap of facial nerve and get facial twitching, sign of hypocalcemia
Chvostek sign-
acute paroxysmal abdominal pain
Colic-
Enlarged non-tender gallbladder secondary to pancreatic disease or cancer
Courvoisier’s Sign-
“stress ulcer” a peptic ulcer [of the duodenum] in a patient with extensive superficial burns
Curling ulcer-
“stress ulcer” peptic ulcer occurring from severe head injury or with other lesions o the central nervous
system (CNS)
Cushing ulcer-
general term for a group of gastrointestinal disorders characterized by inflammation of the intestines,
particularly the colon. Characteristic features include abdominal pain and cramps, straining at stool (tenesmus), and
frequent passage of watery diarrhea or stools containing blood and mucus.
Dysentery-
postprandial epigastric discomfort
Dyspepsia-
abnormal tissue development, alteration in size, shape, and organization or cells
Dysplasia-
having no teeth
Edentulous-
repeatedly having bowel movements in places other than the toilet after the age when bowel control can
normally be expected
Encopresis-
expulsion of swallowed air, aka burping
Eructation-
the peculiar foul-smelling [musty/sweet] odor of the breath characteristic of hepatic disease (caused
by volatile aromatic substances that accumulate in the blood and urine due to defective hepatic metabolism)
Fetor Hepaticus-
,”- foreign body sensation localized in the neck that does not
interfere with swallowing and sometimes is relieved by swallowing. Often occurs in the
Globus pharyngeus
previously labeled “globus hystericus
a crunching, rasping sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, heard over the precordium mainly during
systole and particularly in the left lateral decubitus position, and in many occasions associated with muffling of heart
sounds. (pneumomediastinum aka mediastinal emphysema)
Hamman’s sign-
vomiting blood
Hematemesis-
passage of bright red blood or marron stools
Hematochezia-
pain in the calf when the ankle is slowly and gently dorsiflexed [with knee flexed (bent)], indicative of DVT
Homan’s sign-
gastric carcinoma that has metastasized to the ovary
Krukenberg tumor-
Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by digestion.
Melena-
lower abdominal pain in the middle of the menstrual cycle (feel ovulation)
Mittelschmerz-
kidney stones
Nephrolithiasis-
severe intractable constipation caused by intestinal obstruction
Obstipation-
painful swallowing
Odynophagia-
depressed bone marrow production of all cell lines (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
Pancytopenia-
diffuse inflammation of the soft or connective tissue due to infection (acute pancreatitis)
Phlegmon-
plate or flat plane, usually on a mucous membrane
plakia-
abnormal presence of gas in the biliary system/bile ducts
Pneumobilia-
abnormal presence of air or gas in the mediastinum, may interfere with respiration and
circulation, may lead to pneumothorax or pneumopericardium, occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or
pathology or after diagnostic procedure
Pneumomediastinum-
abnormal presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity
Pneumoperitoneum-
spontaneous, small hemorrhage into the skin, mucous membrane, or serosal surface, reddish purple
spots/patches (palpable = raised, non-palpable = flat), bigger than petechial but smaller than ecchymosis
Purpura-
fever
Pyrexia-
substernal burning sensation, aka heartburn
Pyrosis-
peristalsis of stomach and esophagus conducted with a closed glottis
Retching-
Pain in the RLQ during left-sided pressure- referred rebound tenderness seen in appendicitis
Rovsing Sign-
chewing and swallowing of food that is regurgitated volitionally after meals.
Rumination-
interaction of cations with free fatty acids released by the action of activated
lipase on triglycerides in fat cells (“make calcium soap”) the level of blood calcium may be depressed due to this
process
Sarcopenia-
Saponfication (in acute pancreatitis)-
inflammation of salivary gland
Sialadenitis-
hiccups, usually benign and self-limited
Singultus-
a malignant intra-abdominal neoplasm metastatic to the umbilicus
s/p- status post (after a procedure, surgery, event)
Sister Mary Joseph nodule-
bulky, light colored fatty stools (think malabsorption)
Steatorrhea-
ulcer of the colon due to pressure and irritation of retained fecal masses
Stercoral ulcer-
inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the structures in the mouth
Stomatitis-
occurs when air gets into tissues under the skin. This most often occurs in the skin covering
the chest wall or neck, but can also occur in other parts of the body. Consider it when you see a smooth bulging of the
skin. When the skin is palpated it produces an unusual crackling sensation as the gas is pushed through the tissue.
Tenesmus-ineffectual and painful straining at stool (or urination)
Torus palatinus- bony prominence protruding from the midline of the
Subcutaneous emphysema:
ineffectual and painful straining at stool (or urination)
Tenesmus
bony prominence protruding from the midline of the hard palate
Torus palatinus-
sign of tetany, inflate BP cuff and wrist flexes, sign of hypocalcemia
Trousseau sign-
genetic syndrome characterized by thickening of the palms and soles, white patches in the mouth and increased
risk of esophageal cancer
Tylosis-
local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by the sloughing (shedding) of
inflamed necrotic tissue
Ulcer-
stone from kidney making its way through ureter to bladder, urine analysis will show hematuria
Ureterolithiasis-
dilated vein(s)
Varix/Varices-
intra-abdominal malignancy (MC: gastric carcinoma) mets to left supraclavicular lymph node
Virchow sentinel node-
Queasiness retching, forceful ejection of upper gut contents from the mouth
Vomiting/emesis
dry mouth
Xerostomia-
