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Foundations of Health and Well Being > GI Tract > Flashcards

GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

The digestive system digests food so that the body can absorb nutrients and excrete waste.

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2
Q

Identify the components of the GI Tract

A

Mouth, salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, stomach and anus

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3
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the tongue?

A

Allows food to be properly mixed with saliva
Moves food from mouth to oesophagus
Speech

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4
Q

What is the collective name given to the numerous small projections on the surface of the tongue used for grooming?

A

Papillae

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5
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A

Moisten the mouth
Lubrication for food to move
Soften food
Production pf amylase to break down carbohydrates

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6
Q

Describe the event of swallowing.

A

Stage 1 - Buccal Phase = tongue pushes food to back of mouth

Stage 2 - Pharyngeneal phase = involuntary signals block food from going down to lungs

Stage 3 - Oesophagal phase = food moves down oesophagus by muscle contractions and relaxing.

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7
Q

Identify the different regions of the stomach.

A

Cardia - end of oesophagus
Fundus - top
Body - main region
Pylorus - start of intestine

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8
Q

State the term used to describe the muscles contractions which move food down the oesophagus.

A

Peristalsis

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9
Q

What are rugrae

A

folds on the stomach lining which flatten when the stomach is full

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10
Q

What is meant by the term gastric?

A

Anything in relation to the stomach

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11
Q

Describe the function of mucus.

A

Protection of stomach lining

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12
Q

Describe the function of hydrochloric acid.

A

Keeps pH low to allow efficient function of pepsin

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13
Q

Describe the function of pepsinogen.

A

Produces pepsin

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14
Q

Describe the function of gastrin.

A

Stimulation of hydrochloric acid production.

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15
Q

Describe the function of lipase.

A

Breakdown of fat.

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16
Q

What is chyme?

A

The mixture of food, saliva and gastric secretions that leave the stomach

17
Q

What is the function of goblet cells?

A

Mucus production.

18
Q

Define vomitting.

A

A reflex act of expulsion of stomach contents through the oesophagus and mouth.

19
Q

Identify the 3 regions of the small intestine.

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

20
Q

Describe what the duodenum of the small intestine is for.

A

Joins small intestine with the stomach.

21
Q

Describe what the jejunum of the small intestine is for.

A

Absorbs nutrients from food stuffs that travel through the small intestine.

22
Q

Describe what the ileum of the small intestine is for.

A

Connects small and large intestine.

23
Q

List the 3 secretions of the small intestine.

A

Pancreatic juice
Bile
Intestinal juice

24
Q

Identify the role the pancreas plays in the digestive system.

A

Produces pancreatic juice which neutralizes stomach acid

25
Q

Identify the role of the liver and the gallbladder.

A

The liver produces bile and the gallbladder stores the bile.

26
Q

Define the oesophagus.

A

Thin walled muscle which passes through diaphragm to reach stomach
Food travels from mouth to stomach through oesophagus

27
Q

Define the role of the stomach.

A

Storage organ which breaks down food.

28
Q

Describe the role of the large intestine

A

Digestion, defaecation, reflux control.

29
Q

Identify the three salivary glands found in humans and state their location.

A

Parotid - posterior to pharynx
Submandibular - inferior to tongue
Subligual - inferior to submandibular gland.

30
Q

Describe the 2 main constituents of bile.

A

Bile salts - involved in fat breakdown

Bile Pigments (bilirubin, biliverdin) - waste products from liver

31
Q

List the functions of the liver.

A 
Bile production 
Synthesis of proteins 
Breakdown of ammonia to urea 
Fat metabolism 
Storage of fat soluble vitamins 
Storage of iron
32
Q

State the term used to describe the projections found along the inner lining of the small intestine.

A

Villi

33
Q

What is the function of villi?

A

Absorption of small intestine contents

34
Q

Describe the structure of a villus

A

Outer layer - absorptive cells

Inner layer - lymph capillary (lacteal) surrounded by blood capillaries

35
Q

Describe the structure of the large intestine.

A

Caecum - first part of large intestine after small intestine

Ascending colon - up along small intestine

Transverse colon - over small intestine

Descending colon - down side of small intestine

Sigmoid colon - connects descending colon to rectum

Rectum - storage for fecal matter

36
Q

Define chyle

A

Milky fluid containing digested fats which are absorbed by lacteals

37
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Lymphatic capillaries found in villi

38
Q

List the essential food stuffs humans require.

A 
Protein 
Carbohydrates 
Fat 
Water 
Vitamins 
Mineral salts 
Water

Foundations of Health and Well Being (6 decks)

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