Cells and Tissues Flashcards
Define organelles.
Organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
Give examples of organelles found in animal cells.
Nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), lysosome, golgi apparatus and vesicles, centrioles, microtubles
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Stores proteins until they’re sent to their destination.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Transcribes DNA into RNA to form ribosomal units
What is the function of microtubules?
Part of the cytoskeleton. Plays role in movement within the cell.
What is the function of centrioles?
Form spindle fibres during mitosis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmicreticulum?
Undergo several vital metabolic functions.
production of proteins
What is the function of the rough endoplasmicreticulum?
Creates surface area for chemical reactions to take place
Secretes proteins
What is the golgi vesicles?
Act as a’factory’ for proteins from ER to GA
What is the function of lysosomes?
Waste disposal.
State the difference between a permeable membrane and a semi-permeable membrane
Permeable - free movement of molecules
Semi-permeable - free movement of water, not large molecules
Identify the two different types of gated membranes.
Voltage
Ligand
Define facilitated diffusion.
Molecules are assisted across the membrane by proteins
Define co-transport.
Two molecules move together across the membrane
Define active transport.
Energy is used to move molecules across the membrane
Identify the 2 types of cell division.
Mitosis
Meosis
Explain the process of mitosis.
Interphase - Dna replication occurs
Prophase - chromosomes pair up, where chromatids touch, DNA is switched
Metaphase - paired chromosomes line up along the equator and spindle fibres form
Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis - chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles of the cell. Cytoplasm divides forming two identical daughter cells.
Explain the process of Meosis.
Interphase - dna replication occurss
Prophase 1 - crossing over between chromosomes occurs
Metaphase 1 - Chromosome pairs separate (two pairs at either pole), spindle fibres form
Anaphase 1, Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis - cytoplasm divides to form two Diploid cells
Process begins again with diploid cells to form haploid cells known as gametes
What is a hypertonic solution?
a solution which is more concentrated (has more solutes in the solvent)
What is a hypotonic solution?
a solution which is less concentrated (has less solutes in the solvent)
What are isotonic solutions?
solutions of equal concentration
List the different types of tissues.
Epithelial Glandular Connective Muscle Nervous
