GI Tract

Question 0

Sphincters

Answer 0

Muscles that control the passage of material from one organ to the next

Question 1

Components

Answer 1

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum or anus

Question 2

Enzymes

Answer 2

Proteins that cause chem. changes in other substances to speed up bodily processes.

Question 3

Hydrolysis

Answer 3

Enzymes (specific to carbs, proteins, and fat digestion(macronutrients)) guide digestion through this. It’s a chemical reaction that breaks down substances by addition of water.

Question 4

Chewing

Answer 4

Mechanical digestion that moistens the food and breaks it into smaller pieces.

Question 5

Salivary amylase

Answer 5

An enzyme produced by salivary glands that begins the chem digestion of carbs

Question 6

Bicarbonate a

Answer 6

Neutralize acids

Question 7

Mucus

Answer 7

Moistens the food and oral cavity

Question 8

Antibodies and lysosomes

Answer 8

Fight oral bacteria

Question 9

Bogus

Answer 9

Mass of food that’s chewed and moistened

Question 10

Epiglottis

Answer 10

Covers opening to trachea during swallowing

Question 11

Esophagus

Answer 11

Where food travels from mouth the stomach.

Question 12

Peristalsis

Answer 12

Muscular contractions moving food through GI tract.

Question 13

Esophageal sphincter

Answer 13

Circular muscle allowing area to open or close. Separates stomach from esophagus. Also known as gastroesophageal sphincter.

Question 14

Segmentation

Answer 14

Back and forth pattern of mobility to mix chyme and enhance its contact with digestive juices and enterocytes

Question 15

Stomach

Answer 15

Strongest muscle and thickest wallas of the tract. Squeezes bolus into lower portion a little at a time. Adds juices to the bolus and grinds the particles to Chyme.

Question 16

Chyme

Answer 16

Semi-liquid product of mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach

Question 17

Gastric juice contains

Answer 17

HCL
Pepsin
Gastric lipase
Intrinsic factor

Question 18

HCL

Answer 18

ph<2, uncoils protein bonds that made its structure, concerts pepsin to active pepsin (enzyme) kills any bacteria or germ that May have entered

Question 19

Pepsin

Answer 19

Enzyme to partially digest protein

Question 20

Gastric lipase

Answer 20

Enzyme to partially digest fat

Question 21

Intrinsic factor

Answer 21

Protein to absorb vitamin B12

Question 22

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 22

Between stomach and small intestine

Question 23

Ileocecal valve (sphincter)

Answer 23

Connects small intestine to large

Question 24

Where does most digestion take place?

Answer 24

Small intestine

Question 25

Small intestine

Answer 25

Breaks down into three parts 1.jejunum 2. Duodeum 3. Ileum

Question 26

Pancreatic juices

Answer 26

• Sodium bicarbonate raises oh to 7 or more

- acidic chyme is neutralized to base ph

Question 27

Bile

Answer 27

Emulsifier (much like oil and water) brings fat into suspension in water

Question 28

Large intestine (colon)

Answer 28

• Undigested food components move through the ileocecal valve to large intestine.
• completes digestion and absorption processes.

Question 29

Main functions of large intestine

Answer 29

Store Undigested food material for elimination. Absorb water, short chain fatty acids, and electrolytes.