GI Tract Flashcards
Sphincters
Muscles that control the passage of material from one organ to the next
Components
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum or anus
Enzymes
Proteins that cause chem. changes in other substances to speed up bodily processes.
Hydrolysis
Enzymes (specific to carbs, proteins, and fat digestion(macronutrients)) guide digestion through this. It’s a chemical reaction that breaks down substances by addition of water.
Chewing
Mechanical digestion that moistens the food and breaks it into smaller pieces.
Salivary amylase
An enzyme produced by salivary glands that begins the chem digestion of carbs
Bicarbonate a
Neutralize acids
Mucus
Moistens the food and oral cavity
Antibodies and lysosomes
Fight oral bacteria
Bogus
Mass of food that’s chewed and moistened
Epiglottis
Covers opening to trachea during swallowing
Esophagus
Where food travels from mouth the stomach.
Peristalsis
Muscular contractions moving food through GI tract.
Esophageal sphincter
Circular muscle allowing area to open or close. Separates stomach from esophagus. Also known as gastroesophageal sphincter.
Segmentation
Back and forth pattern of mobility to mix chyme and enhance its contact with digestive juices and enterocytes