GI Tract Flashcards

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0
Q

Sphincters

A

Muscles that control the passage of material from one organ to the next

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1
Q

Components

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum or anus

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2
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that cause chem. changes in other substances to speed up bodily processes.

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3
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Enzymes (specific to carbs, proteins, and fat digestion(macronutrients)) guide digestion through this. It’s a chemical reaction that breaks down substances by addition of water.

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4
Q

Chewing

A

Mechanical digestion that moistens the food and breaks it into smaller pieces.

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5
Q

Salivary amylase

A

An enzyme produced by salivary glands that begins the chem digestion of carbs

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6
Q

Bicarbonate a

A

Neutralize acids

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7
Q

Mucus

A

Moistens the food and oral cavity

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8
Q

Antibodies and lysosomes

A

Fight oral bacteria

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9
Q

Bogus

A

Mass of food that’s chewed and moistened

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10
Q

Epiglottis

A

Covers opening to trachea during swallowing

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11
Q

Esophagus

A

Where food travels from mouth the stomach.

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12
Q

Peristalsis

A

Muscular contractions moving food through GI tract.

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13
Q

Esophageal sphincter

A

Circular muscle allowing area to open or close. Separates stomach from esophagus. Also known as gastroesophageal sphincter.

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14
Q

Segmentation

A

Back and forth pattern of mobility to mix chyme and enhance its contact with digestive juices and enterocytes

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15
Q

Stomach

A

Strongest muscle and thickest wallas of the tract. Squeezes bolus into lower portion a little at a time. Adds juices to the bolus and grinds the particles to Chyme.

16
Q

Chyme

A

Semi-liquid product of mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach

17
Q

Gastric juice contains

A

HCL
Pepsin
Gastric lipase
Intrinsic factor

18
Q

HCL

A

ph<2, uncoils protein bonds that made its structure, concerts pepsin to active pepsin (enzyme) kills any bacteria or germ that May have entered

19
Q

Pepsin

A

Enzyme to partially digest protein

20
Q

Gastric lipase

A

Enzyme to partially digest fat

21
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Protein to absorb vitamin B12

22
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Between stomach and small intestine

23
Q

Ileocecal valve (sphincter)

A

Connects small intestine to large

24
Q

Where does most digestion take place?

A

Small intestine

25
Q

Small intestine

A

Breaks down into three parts 1.jejunum 2. Duodeum 3. Ileum

26
Q

Pancreatic juices

A
  • Sodium bicarbonate raises oh to 7 or more

- acidic chyme is neutralized to base ph

27
Q

Bile

A

Emulsifier (much like oil and water) brings fat into suspension in water

28
Q

Large intestine (colon)

A
  • Undigested food components move through the ileocecal valve to large intestine.
  • completes digestion and absorption processes.
29
Q

Main functions of large intestine

A

Store Undigested food material for elimination. Absorb water, short chain fatty acids, and electrolytes.