Functions Of Carbs Proteins And Fats Flashcards

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0
Q

Where are carbs obtained

A

Almost exclusively from plant sources. Milk is exception.

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1
Q

Carbs

A

1 of 3 macro nutrients, preferred energy source for brain, important source of energy for all cells, composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. Good sources are fruits, vegetables, and grains.

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2
Q

Simple carbs

A

Contain one or two molecules, referred to as sugars, disaccharides (lactose, maltose, sucrose)

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3
Q

Complex carbs

A

Long chains of glucose molecules, polysaccharides.

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4
Q

Simple carbs

A

Monosaccharides (single sugar units)
Glucose fructose galactose
Disaccharides (pair of sugar units)
Maltose sucrose lactose

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5
Q

Glucose

A

“Blood sugar” supplies cellular energy “fuel” most abundant carb.

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6
Q

Fructose

A

“Fruit sugar” sweetest of all, fruits honey maple syrup

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7
Q

Galactose

A

Not found free in nature, component of lactose “milk sugar” and some polysaccharides.

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8
Q

Maltose

A

Primarily in germinating seeds. Product of polysaccharide digestion in GI tract.

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9
Q

Sucrose

A

” table sugar” main energy ingredient in candy and other sweets, found in sugar cane sugar beets and some fruit. Composed of glucose and fructose.

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10
Q

Lactose

A

“Milk sugar” USDA recommends that the average person limit their intake of any foods with added sugar.

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11
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Consist of many glucose units linked together to form a long chain. Storage form of glucose. Starch glycogen fiber.

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12
Q

Digestible Complex carbs

A

Starch and glycogen

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13
Q

Indigestible complex carbs

A

Fiber cellulose hemicellulose, pectin

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14
Q

Starch

A

Storage form of glucose in plants.

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15
Q

Glycogen

A

Storage for, of glucose in animals.

16
Q

Function of carbs

A

Supplies energy
Prevent ketosis
Protein sparing
Sweetener

17
Q

Function of carbs and fats

A

Both supply energy for daily activities.

18
Q

Omega 6

A

Increase blood clotting
Increase inflammatory response

1 tablespoon a day

19
Q

Omega 3

A
Decrease blood clotting
Reduce risk of heart attack
Excess may cause hemorrhagic stroke
Large amounts may decrease inflammation pain with rheumatoid arthritis. 
 2 servings of fish per week.
20
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

Needed for immune function, vision,cell membrane, and production or hormone-like compounds.

21
Q

Functions of fat

A

Energy. While resting, while exercising, for storage. Carrier for fat soluble vitamins. A, D, E and K.
Many body functions. Cell membrane structure, proper brain functions, insulation to retain body heat. (Overweight people are always hot)
Flavor to foods.
Make us feel satiated.

22
Q

Function of proteins

A

Support growth and maintenance of body tissues (repair replace turnover and maintain). function as enzymes. Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance. Regulation of acid base balance. (Serve as buffers). Serve as anti bodies. Serve as secondary energy source. Function as transport proteins.