GI tract

Question 0

Cracks sa corner ng mouth because of vit b12 deficiency

Answer 0

Cheilosis

Question 1

Syndrome with upper esophageak webs, IDA, glossitis, cheilosis

Answer 1

Plummer vinson syndrome under esophageal webs

Question 2

Upper esophageal mucosal growths

Answer 2

Esophageal WEBS

Question 3

Lower esophageal mucosal overgrowths

Answer 3

Esophageal RINGS

Question 4

Pharyngo-esophageal diverticulum

Answer 4

Zenker diverrticulum, with risk of aspiration

Question 5

Mid esophageal diverticulum, asymptomatic

Answer 5

Teaction diverticulum

Question 6

Diverticulum above lower esoph sphincter, NOCTURNAL regurg

Answer 6

Epiphrenic diverticulum

Question 7

Failure of cardiac sphincter to relax, increasing risk of esoph squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 7

Achalasia

Question 8

Causes gastric protrusion into the thorax

Answer 8

Hiatal hernia

Question 9

Common cause of esophageal varices

Answer 9

Portal HPN from alcoholic liver disease

Question 10

Complication of long standing GERD, dysplastic cells may lead to ADENOCARCINOMA

Answer 10

Barret esophagus

Question 11

Longitudinal tears in esophagus, due to severe vomiting

Answer 11

Mallory weiss syndrome

Question 12

Pressure rupture of the esophagus, from vomiting due to alcohol

Answer 12

Boerhaave syndrome

Question 13

Most common esophageal cancer

Answer 13

Squamous cell carcinoma from smoking and alcohol

Question 14

Acute gastric ulcers common cause

Answer 14

Stress or NSAID use

Question 15

Curling ulcers vs cushing ukcers

Answer 15

Curling - prox duodenum, assoc w burns and trauma

Cushing - in px with intracranial disease

Question 16

Top 2 most common causes of CHRONIC gastritis

Answer 16

1) h pylori infection and 2) autoimmune gastritis

Question 17

H pylori vs autoimmune gastritis

Answer 17

H pylori - antrum, hypogastrinemia, 90% of gastritis cases

Autoimmue - hypergastrinemia, antral G cell hyperplasia

Question 18

Causes of uncommon forms of gastritis

Answer 18

Reactive gastropathy - chemical injury
Eosinophilic gastritis - allergic rxn
Lymphocytic gastritis - idiopathic, women, celiac dse

Question 19

Sharply punched out defect
overhanging mucosal borders
Smooth clean ulcer bases

Answer 19

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 20

DIFFUSE foveolar cell hyperplasia with protein losing enteropathy due to tgf-a overexpression

Answer 20

Menetrier disease (hypertrophicg astropathy)

Question 21

Gastrin secreting tumors causes gastric parietal cell stimulation, ukcers and diarrhea

Answer 21

Zollinger ellison syndrome

Question 22

Gastric adenoma common location

Answer 22

Gastric antrum, with intestinal type columnar epithelium

Question 23

Most common gastric cancer

Answer 23

Gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 24

Intestinal morphology vs diffuse infiltrative gastric adenocarcinoma

Answer 24

Intestinal - bulky exophytic tumors with glandular structures, arisef rom dysplasia and adenomas Diffuse infiltrative - signet ring cells, no glands, no precursor lesions

Question 25

Diagnostic for gastric lymphoma

Answer 25

Lymphoepithelial lesions - neoplastic lymphocytes infiltrate the gastric glands focally

Question 26

Diffuse components of the endocrine system found inthe GIT, Most common in SI

Answer 26

Carcinoid tumor

Question 27

Most common mesenchymal tumor of abdomen

Answer 27

GI stromal tumor (GIST)

Question 28

Known mutations causing GIST

Answer 28

C kit and PDGFRA

Question 29

Solitary, well circumscribed fleshy masses that can grow as large as 30 cm

Answer 29

GIST

Question 30

4 common causes of intestinal obstruction

Answer 30

Hernia, adhesions, volvulus, intussusception

Question 31

Intussusception in infants caused by _______ and treated with _______.

Answer 31

Rotavirus infection; barium enema

Question 32

Most common presentation of malabsorption syndrome

Answer 32

Chronic diarrhea

Question 33

Hallmark of malabsorption syndrome

Answer 33

Steatorrhea

Question 34

4 phases of nutrient absorption that can be disrupted in malabsorption syndromes

Answer 34

Intraluminal digestion Terminal digestion Transepithelial transport Lymphatic transport

Question 35

Prototype non infectious cause of malabsorption

Answer 35

Celiac sprue

Question 36

Diffuse enteritis with marked atrophy of villi, aka gluten sensitive enteropathy

Answer 36

Celiac sprue

Question 37

Hallmark of WHIPPLE DISEASE

Answer 37

PAS positive macrophages in the lamina propria (intestine, CNS or joints)

Question 38

Causative agent of WHIPPLE DISEASE

Answer 38

Tropheryma whippelii, a gram positive and culture rsistant actinomycete

Question 39

Uncommon total villous atrophy, like celiac spruw

Answer 39

Tropical sprue

Question 40

Autoantibodies to enterocytes and goblet cells

Answer 40

Autoimmune enteropathy

Question 41

Autoimmune enteropathy gene mutation

Answer 41

FOXP3 gene

Question 42

Due to MTP mutation (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein)

Answer 42

Abetalipoproteinemia

Question 43

Napkin ring configuration of tumor

Answer 43

SI adenocarcinoma

Question 44

Give 3 benign tumors of SI

Answer 44

Brunners gland adenoma Adenomas Hamartomatous polyps

Question 45

Acute enteritis caused by?

Answer 45

Infections

Question 46

Two conditions under CHRONIC ENTERITIS

Answer 46

Crohns disease | Ulcerative colitis

Question 47

Crohns disease related genes

Answer 47

NOD2 ATG16L1 IRGM