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Medical Scribe Test > GI System > Flashcards

GI System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the areas of the abdomen?

A

right upper quadrant (RUQ), Left upper quadrant (LUQ), Epigastrium (upper central region of the abdomen), Right lower quadrant (RLQ), and Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

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2
Q

What is abdominal distention?

A

swelling or enlargement of the abdomen

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3
Q

What is ascites?

A

accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

What are bowel sounds?

A

a PEx finding; may be diminished or hyperactive

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5
Q

What is C-difficile (C-diff)?

A

A bacteria in the intestines that causes diarrhea and GI problems, usually a side effect of antibiotic use

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6
Q

What is choledocholithiasis?

A

gallstones in the common bile duct

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7
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

chronic degenerative liver disease

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8
Q

What is Crohn’s disease?

A

a form of inflammatory bowel disease

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9
Q

What is a decreased rectal tone PEx used for ?

A

assessment of nerve dysfunction

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10
Q

What is diverticulosis?

A

small abnormal pouches in the intestinal wall

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11
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

inflammation and infection w in the diverticula

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12
Q

What is dyspepsia?

A

indigestion

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13
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

phag/o- to eat

difficulty swallowing

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14
Q

What is emesis?

A

vomiting

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15
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed (i.e. stomach flu)

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16
Q

What is gastroesophageal reflux disease?

A

GERD; a condition in which contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus; known as reflux

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17
Q

What is guarding?

A

contraction of the abdominal muscles and discomfort when pressure is applied to the abdomen

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18
Q

What is a gastrointestinal (GI) bleed?

A

any bleeding in the gi tract, usually classified as “upper” or “lower”

19
Q

What is a GUAIAC test?

A

a diagnostic test looking for occult blood in the stool. done after taking a small stool sample during a rectal exam

20
Q

What is hepatomegaly?

A

an enlarged liver

21
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

inflammation of the liver

22
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

vomiting of blood

23
Q

What is hematochezia?

A

passage of bright red blood in the stool

24
Q

What are hemorrhoids?

A

painful, swollen veins in the anus or rectum; may be internal or external and cause rectal bleeding

25
Q

What is an ileus?

A

decreased motor activity of the GI tract

26
Q

What is IBS?

A

a common disorder that affects the LARGE intestine (colon). commonly causing cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea and constipation

27
Q

What is jaundice?

A

yellow coloration of the skin/ mucus membranes from high levels of bilirubin in the blood stream

28
Q

What are LFT’s?

A

liver function tests; measurements of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood; enzyme levels INCREASE when the liver is damaged

29
Q

What is McBurney’s point tenderness?

A

a site of extreme sensitivity in acute appendicitis in the RLQ

30
Q

What is melena?

A

black “tarry” color stool; a typical sign of upper GI bleeding

31
Q

What is Murphy’s sign?

A

a test looking for acute cholecystitis where there is increased tenderness in the RUQ

32
Q

What is organomegaly?

A

abnormal enlargement of an organ

33
Q

What is pancreatitis?

A

inflammation of the pancreas

34
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

serous membrane that forms the abdominal cavity lining

35
Q

What is peritoneal dialysis?

A

a way to remove waste products from your blood when your kidneys can no longer function; can be done at home

36
Q

What is rebound?

A

an increase in severe pain and discomfort when pressure is abruptly relieved from a localized region of the abdomen

37
Q

What does rigid mean?

A

hardness or stiffness of the abdomen

38
Q

What is a small bowel obstruction (SBO)?

A

the inability of the intestinal tract to allow for regular passage of food and bowel contents. May be partial or complete

39
Q

What is splenomegaly?

A

abnormal enlargement of the spleen

40
Q

What is a colonoscopy?

A

internal examination of the large intestines and rectum

41
Q

What is an upper endoscopy?

A

internal examination of the upper GI tract including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, using a small camera

42
Q

What is a HIDA scan?

A

imaging used to diagnose problems in the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts

43
Q

What is an ERCP?

A

procedure that combines an upper endoscopy and X-rays to treat problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts

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