Cardio Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
What does it mean when a patient is ambulatory?
A
they are able to walk
2
Q
What is anasarca?
A
extensive subcutaneous (subq) edema
3
Q
What does it mean when a patient is afebrile?
A
without fever
4
Q
What is the axilla?
A
the armpit
5
Q
What does cachectic mean?
A
physical appearance of loss of weight and muscle wasting seen in patients with advanced stages of diseases such as cancer or AIDS
6
Q
What is etiology?
A
the cause of a symptom
7
Q
What is infiltrate?
A
abnormal collection within a tissue or cell. often how pneumonia is described on a CXR
8
Q
What is a mastectomy?
A
surgical removal of the breast
9
Q
What does somnolent mean?
A
drowsy or sleepy appearance
10
Q
What is anemia?
A
general term for a variety of disorders in which the body does not have enough healthy blood cells carrying oxygen
11
Q
What is a hemorrhage?
A
heavy bleeding
12
Q
What is lymphadenopathy?
A
abnormally enlarged lymph nodes; pathy- disease; lymph- lymph; aden/o- gland
13
Q
What is lymphangitis?
A
infection and inflammation of the lymph vessels
14
Q
What is leukopenia?
A
reduction is circulating WBC
15
Q
What is neutropenia?
A
reduction in blood neutrophil count
16
Q
What does febrile mean?
A
feverish
17
Q
What is leukocytosis?
A
elevated WBC
18
Q
What is sepsis?
A
severe bacterial infection; usually begins at another site and travels to the blood
19
Q
What is malaise?
A
general feeling of illness
20
Q
What is a viral syndrome?
A
general term for a viral illness that may cause a number of symptoms
21
Q
What is anxiety?
A
feeling of apprehension or worry
22
Q
What is depression?
A
ongoing feeling of sadness or low mood, which interferes with activities of daily living
23
Q
What is the flat effect?
A
reduction or complete loss of emotional expression
24
Q
What are hallucinations?
A
sensory perception in the absence of an actual sensory stimulus; may be auditory, visual or tactile
25
What is insomnia?
difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
26
What is psychosis?
loss of concept of reality, may be a side effect of a medication or symptom of an underlying issue
27
What is suicidal ideation?
medical term for having thoughts of suicide, which may include having a specific suicidal plan
28
What is homicidal ideation?
medical term for having thoughts of homicide
29
What does it mean when a patient is delusional?
psychiatric condition where the patient holds a strong conviction based on false or incomplete information, with no accompanying hallucinations
30
What is bipolar disorder?
disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, activity levels and ability to carry out daily tasks
31
What is abduction?
movement away from the midleine
32
What is adduction?
movement towards the midline
33
What is the anatomical position?
to stand erect with arms at sides and palms forward
34
What is the anterior position?
situated in front of or directed toward the front
35
What does it mean when something is deep?
farther from the surface
36
What is the distal position?
farther from the limb root
37
What is extension?
straightening out
38
What is flexion?
bending or angulating
39
What is the frontal position?
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
40
What is the lateral position?
farther from the midline
41
What is the medial position?
closer to the midline
42
What is palmar?
palm side of the hand or body
43
What is the plantar?
the sole of the foot
44
What is the posterior position
rear or back
45
What does pronate mean?
turn palm of hand downwards (pro
46
What is the prone position?
face down (prone to falling?)
47
What is the proximal position?
closer to the root of the limb (the wrist is proximal to the finger)
48
What is superficial?
closer to the surface (superficial inguinal ring)
49
What is the superior positon?
upper, closer to the crown of the head (superior vena cava)
50
What does supinate mean?
turn palms of the hands upwards (holding bowls of soup)
51
What is the supine position?
body lying face up
52
What is the transverse plane?
divides the body into upper and lower halves; right angles to long axis
53
What is an abscess?
collection of puss that causes surrounding swelling and inflammation
54
What is cellulitis?
a skin infection
55
What is a contusion?
a bruise
56
What is a decubitis ulcer?
pressure ulcer; aka: bed sore/pressure ulcer
57
What is ecchymosis?
pouring out; bruising; ec- out; chymo-liquid; osis-condition
58
What is erythema?
condition of redness; erythr/o- red; -ema: condition of
59
What is debridement?
removal of infected or dead tissue from a wound to promote healing; (debridle?)
60
What is an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrilator (AICD)?
Mechanical device implanted in the chest wall that detects cardiac arrhythmias and able to perform cardioversion, defibrillation and pacing of the heart; capable of correcting most life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias
61
What is aortic dissection?
bleeding along the wall of the aorta, caused by a tear in the aorta; dissect/o- to cut apart; -ion: action, condition
62
What is an arrhythmia?
abnormal heart rhythm; a: away from; without; rrhythm- rhythm; -ia: condition, state, thing
63
What is atherosclerosis?
build up of plaque in the arteries; ather/o: plaque; -sclerosis: hardening
64
What is a bruit?
abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow of the blood in an artery d.t. either partial obstruction or localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed artery; AKA: vascular murmur
65
What is congestive heart failure?
the heart's function as a pump is inadequate to meet the body's requirements. as a result, kidneys may retain fluid within the extremities or lungs, making the body more congested
66
What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?
plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, decreasing blood flow to the heart. May cause chest pain, angina, shortness of breath, etc. complete blockage can cause myocardial infarction
67
What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? how is it evaluated?
blood clot (or thrombosis) within a deep vein within the body, usually w/in the legs- evaluated using clinical prediction tools (Well's criteria, D-dimer, and/or vascular ultrasound)
68
What is dysrhythmia?
number of disturbances marked by disturbances in the rate of cardiac muscle contractions or any variation from the normal rhythm or rate of heart beat; interchangeable with arrhythmia
69
What is an ectopic rhythm?
irregular heart rhythm d.t. premature heartbeat. seen on an EKG tracing (PAC, or PVC)
70
What is edema?
swelling
71
What is ejection fraction (EF)?
percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each heartbeat. It is reduced when the heart muscle is damaged; a severe reduction can indicate heart damage
72
What is rub?
abnormal heart sounds, usually a sign of pericarditis
73
What is a gallop?
extra abnormal heart sounds heard on a cardiac exam
74
What is hyperlipidemia?
high cholesterol
75
What is hypertension?
high bp
76
What is hypotension?
low bp
77
What is a mitral valve proplapse?
pro- before; -lapse: sag, fall; occurs when the valve between the heart's left atrium and left ventricle, doesn't close properly
78
What is a myocardial infarction (MI)?
"heart attack"; occurs when blood is blocked from going to the heart causing damage to the cardiac muscle
79
What is a murmur?
sounds produced by turbulent blood flow through the heart valves
80
What is a pacemaker?
a small device implanted under the skin on the chest wall that uses electrical impulses to correct arrhythmias
81
What are palpitations?
sensations of abnormal heart rate including sensation of skipped or extra beats; that the heart is "racing"
82
What is pedal edema?
swelling of the feet
83
What is shock?
a group of signs and symptoms indicating poor o2 flow to tissues (decreased perfusion) and insufficient return of blood to the heart (decreased venous return)
84
What is stenosis?
abnormal narrowing, usually of a blood vessel; sten/o- constriction; -osis: condition of
85
What is syncope?
fainting
86
What is STEMI?
ST- elevation myocardial infarction; severe heart attack where coronary artery is completely blocked causing cardiac muscle damage that results in EKG changes and changes in cardiac enzymes;
87
What is NSTEMI?
less severe type of MI; results in less damage to the heart muscle and is noted by the absence of ST elevation on an EKG
88
What is ventricular hypertrophy?
increase in size of cardiac muscle in the heart's ventricles; Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may indicate that the heart is working harder to pump blood to the rest of the body
89
What is cardiac catherization?
a procedure where a catheter is passed into the heart either for diagnostic purposes or intervention to correct a blocked vessel
90
What is a CABG? Where does the graft usually come from?
A coronary artery bypass graft; a surgical procedure used to reroute blood around a diseased section of a coronary artery; graft usually comes from vessels in your chest, leg or arm
91
What is a coronary angioplasty?
procedure used to open clogged heart arteries; coronary: heart ; angi/o- vessel; -plasty: surgical fixation
92
What is a cardiac enzyme test?
measurements of enzymes released into the bloodstream after a heart attack (troponin and myoglobin). Serial measurements can assess whether there has been damage to cardiac muscle
93
What is a cardiac stent?
a procedure that places a mesh tube into a narrowed or blocked coronary artery to open it up
94
What is a carotid endarterectomy?
a procedure to remove plaque in the carotid arteries in an effort to prevent stroke
95
What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
measurement of electrical conductance in the heart
96
What is an echocardiogram?
echo- reflected sound (US); cardio- heart; -gram: record; ultrasound of the heart
97
What is holter monitoring?
a portable device that records electrical activity in the heart, usually at least 24 hours, to detect cardiac arrhythmias
98
What is a stress test?
an ECG plus bp and hr measurements shows the heart's response to exertion
99
What is cardioversion?
-version: to turn; cardio- heart; medical procedure using medication or electrical impulse to convert hr to a normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
