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Medical Scribe Test > Cardio Terminology > Flashcards

Cardio Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What does it mean when a patient is ambulatory?

A

they are able to walk

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2
Q

What is anasarca?

A

extensive subcutaneous (subq) edema

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3
Q

What does it mean when a patient is afebrile?

A

without fever

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4
Q

What is the axilla?

A

the armpit

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5
Q

What does cachectic mean?

A

physical appearance of loss of weight and muscle wasting seen in patients with advanced stages of diseases such as cancer or AIDS

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6
Q

What is etiology?

A

the cause of a symptom

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7
Q

What is infiltrate?

A

abnormal collection within a tissue or cell. often how pneumonia is described on a CXR

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8
Q

What is a mastectomy?

A

surgical removal of the breast

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9
Q

What does somnolent mean?

A

drowsy or sleepy appearance

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10
Q

What is anemia?

A

general term for a variety of disorders in which the body does not have enough healthy blood cells carrying oxygen

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11
Q

What is a hemorrhage?

A

heavy bleeding

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12
Q

What is lymphadenopathy?

A

abnormally enlarged lymph nodes; pathy- disease; lymph- lymph; aden/o- gland

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13
Q

What is lymphangitis?

A

infection and inflammation of the lymph vessels

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14
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

reduction is circulating WBC

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15
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

reduction in blood neutrophil count

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16
Q

What does febrile mean?

A

feverish

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17
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

elevated WBC

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18
Q

What is sepsis?

A

severe bacterial infection; usually begins at another site and travels to the blood

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19
Q

What is malaise?

A

general feeling of illness

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20
Q

What is a viral syndrome?

A

general term for a viral illness that may cause a number of symptoms

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21
Q

What is anxiety?

A

feeling of apprehension or worry

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22
Q

What is depression?

A

ongoing feeling of sadness or low mood, which interferes with activities of daily living

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23
Q

What is the flat effect?

A

reduction or complete loss of emotional expression

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24
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

sensory perception in the absence of an actual sensory stimulus; may be auditory, visual or tactile

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25
Q

What is insomnia?

A

difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep

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26
Q

What is psychosis?

A

loss of concept of reality, may be a side effect of a medication or symptom of an underlying issue

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27
Q

What is suicidal ideation?

A

medical term for having thoughts of suicide, which may include having a specific suicidal plan

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28
Q

What is homicidal ideation?

A

medical term for having thoughts of homicide

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29
Q

What does it mean when a patient is delusional?

A

psychiatric condition where the patient holds a strong conviction based on false or incomplete information, with no accompanying hallucinations

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30
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, activity levels and ability to carry out daily tasks

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31
Q

What is abduction?

A

movement away from the midleine

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32
Q

What is adduction?

A

movement towards the midline

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33
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

to stand erect with arms at sides and palms forward

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34
Q

What is the anterior position?

A

situated in front of or directed toward the front

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35
Q

What does it mean when something is deep?

A

farther from the surface

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36
Q

What is the distal position?

A

farther from the limb root

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37
Q

What is extension?

A

straightening out

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38
Q

What is flexion?

A

bending or angulating

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39
Q

What is the frontal position?

A

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

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40
Q

What is the lateral position?

A

farther from the midline

41
Q

What is the medial position?

A

closer to the midline

42
Q

What is palmar?

A

palm side of the hand or body

43
Q

What is the plantar?

A

the sole of the foot

44
Q

What is the posterior position

A

rear or back

45
Q

What does pronate mean?

A

turn palm of hand downwards (pro

46
Q

What is the prone position?

A

face down (prone to falling?)

47
Q

What is the proximal position?

A

closer to the root of the limb (the wrist is proximal to the finger)

48
Q

What is superficial?

A

closer to the surface (superficial inguinal ring)

49
Q

What is the superior positon?

A

upper, closer to the crown of the head (superior vena cava)

50
Q

What does supinate mean?

A

turn palms of the hands upwards (holding bowls of soup)

51
Q

What is the supine position?

A

body lying face up

52
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

divides the body into upper and lower halves; right angles to long axis

53
Q

What is an abscess?

A

collection of puss that causes surrounding swelling and inflammation

54
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

a skin infection

55
Q

What is a contusion?

A

a bruise

56
Q

What is a decubitis ulcer?

A

pressure ulcer; aka: bed sore/pressure ulcer

57
Q

What is ecchymosis?

A

pouring out; bruising; ec- out; chymo-liquid; osis-condition

58
Q

What is erythema?

A

condition of redness; erythr/o- red; -ema: condition of

59
Q

What is debridement?

A

removal of infected or dead tissue from a wound to promote healing; (debridle?)

60
Q

What is an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrilator (AICD)?

A

Mechanical device implanted in the chest wall that detects cardiac arrhythmias and able to perform cardioversion, defibrillation and pacing of the heart; capable of correcting most life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias

61
Q

What is aortic dissection?

A

bleeding along the wall of the aorta, caused by a tear in the aorta; dissect/o- to cut apart; -ion: action, condition

62
Q

What is an arrhythmia?

A

abnormal heart rhythm; a: away from; without; rrhythm- rhythm; -ia: condition, state, thing

63
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

build up of plaque in the arteries; ather/o: plaque; -sclerosis: hardening

64
Q

What is a bruit?

A

abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow of the blood in an artery d.t. either partial obstruction or localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed artery; AKA: vascular murmur

65
Q

What is congestive heart failure?

A

the heart’s function as a pump is inadequate to meet the body’s requirements. as a result, kidneys may retain fluid within the extremities or lungs, making the body more congested

66
Q

What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?

A

plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, decreasing blood flow to the heart. May cause chest pain, angina, shortness of breath, etc. complete blockage can cause myocardial infarction

67
Q

What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? how is it evaluated?

A

blood clot (or thrombosis) within a deep vein within the body, usually w/in the legs- evaluated using clinical prediction tools (Well’s criteria, D-dimer, and/or vascular ultrasound)

68
Q

What is dysrhythmia?

A

number of disturbances marked by disturbances in the rate of cardiac muscle contractions or any variation from the normal rhythm or rate of heart beat; interchangeable with arrhythmia

69
Q

What is an ectopic rhythm?

A

irregular heart rhythm d.t. premature heartbeat. seen on an EKG tracing (PAC, or PVC)

70
Q

What is edema?

A

swelling

71
Q

What is ejection fraction (EF)?

A

percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each heartbeat. It is reduced when the heart muscle is damaged; a severe reduction can indicate heart damage

72
Q

What is rub?

A

abnormal heart sounds, usually a sign of pericarditis

73
Q

What is a gallop?

A

extra abnormal heart sounds heard on a cardiac exam

74
Q

What is hyperlipidemia?

A

high cholesterol

75
Q

What is hypertension?

A

high bp

76
Q

What is hypotension?

A

low bp

77
Q

What is a mitral valve proplapse?

A

pro- before; -lapse: sag, fall; occurs when the valve between the heart’s left atrium and left ventricle, doesn’t close properly

78
Q

What is a myocardial infarction (MI)?

A

“heart attack”; occurs when blood is blocked from going to the heart causing damage to the cardiac muscle

79
Q

What is a murmur?

A

sounds produced by turbulent blood flow through the heart valves

80
Q

What is a pacemaker?

A

a small device implanted under the skin on the chest wall that uses electrical impulses to correct arrhythmias

81
Q

What are palpitations?

A

sensations of abnormal heart rate including sensation of skipped or extra beats; that the heart is “racing”

82
Q

What is pedal edema?

A

swelling of the feet

83
Q

What is shock?

A

a group of signs and symptoms indicating poor o2 flow to tissues (decreased perfusion) and insufficient return of blood to the heart (decreased venous return)

84
Q

What is stenosis?

A

abnormal narrowing, usually of a blood vessel; sten/o- constriction; -osis: condition of

85
Q

What is syncope?

A

fainting

86
Q

What is STEMI?

A

ST- elevation myocardial infarction; severe heart attack where coronary artery is completely blocked causing cardiac muscle damage that results in EKG changes and changes in cardiac enzymes;

87
Q

What is NSTEMI?

A

less severe type of MI; results in less damage to the heart muscle and is noted by the absence of ST elevation on an EKG

88
Q

What is ventricular hypertrophy?

A

increase in size of cardiac muscle in the heart’s ventricles; Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may indicate that the heart is working harder to pump blood to the rest of the body

89
Q

What is cardiac catherization?

A

a procedure where a catheter is passed into the heart either for diagnostic purposes or intervention to correct a blocked vessel

90
Q

What is a CABG? Where does the graft usually come from?

A

A coronary artery bypass graft; a surgical procedure used to reroute blood around a diseased section of a coronary artery; graft usually comes from vessels in your chest, leg or arm

91
Q

What is a coronary angioplasty?

A

procedure used to open clogged heart arteries; coronary: heart ; angi/o- vessel; -plasty: surgical fixation

92
Q

What is a cardiac enzyme test?

A

measurements of enzymes released into the bloodstream after a heart attack (troponin and myoglobin). Serial measurements can assess whether there has been damage to cardiac muscle

93
Q

What is a cardiac stent?

A

a procedure that places a mesh tube into a narrowed or blocked coronary artery to open it up

94
Q

What is a carotid endarterectomy?

A

a procedure to remove plaque in the carotid arteries in an effort to prevent stroke

95
Q

What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A

measurement of electrical conductance in the heart

96
Q

What is an echocardiogram?

A

echo- reflected sound (US); cardio- heart; -gram: record; ultrasound of the heart

97
Q

What is holter monitoring?

A

a portable device that records electrical activity in the heart, usually at least 24 hours, to detect cardiac arrhythmias

98
Q

What is a stress test?

A

an ECG plus bp and hr measurements shows the heart’s response to exertion

99
Q

What is cardioversion?

A

-version: to turn; cardio- heart; medical procedure using medication or electrical impulse to convert hr to a normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

Medical Scribe Test (9 decks)

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