GI System

Question 1

solution of mucus and water

Answer 1

Saliva

Question 2

Passageway for food and air

Answer 2

Pharynx

Question 3

chewed and swallowed food or
drink

Answer 3

Bolus

Question 4

Layer of epithelium that lines the lumen
* Glandular epithelial cells secrete digestive
enzymes
* Goblet cells secrete mucus

Answer 4

Mucosa

Question 5

Loose connective tissue
* Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels,
and nerves

Answer 5

Submucosa

Question 6

______are scattered throughout
the submucosa of the small intestine, and help protect from disease

Answer 6

Peyer patches

Question 7

In most places, two layers: inner,
circular layer and outer, longitudinal
layer
* The stomach has an extra oblique layer

Answer 7

Muscularis

Question 8

Thin, outermost layer of squamous
epithelium
* Secretes serous fluid

Answer 8

Serosa

Question 9

outer connective tissue
layer of the esophagus

Answer 9

Adventitia

Question 10

Muscular tube from the pharynx to the
stomach; function is to transport food to
the stomach; no chemical digestion occurs
here

Answer 10

Esophagus

Question 11

rhythmic contraction of
smooth muscle, pushes food along the
alimentary canal

Answer 11

Peristalsis

Question 12

marks the entrance
to the stomach
* Not a true sphincter
* Keeps stomach contents in the stomach

Answer 12

Esophageal sphincter

Question 13

deep folds in its wall

Answer 13

Rugae

Question 14

*Stores and liquefies food
* Starts the digestion of proteins
* Moves food into the small intestine

Answer 14

Functions of the stomach

Question 15

*Acts on food both chemically and physically
*Muscular wall churns and mixes food with
gastric juice

Answer 15

Digestive functions of the stomach

Question 16

*Gastric pits lead to gastric glands that
produce gastric juice (pepsinogen, HCl,
intrinsic factor and mucus)

Answer 16

Digestive functions of the stomach

Question 17

Chief cells secrete _____, which
is activated to ____

Answer 17

Pepsinogen, pepsin

Question 18

Protein digesting enzyme

Answer 18

Pepsin

Question 19

Watery solution that contains pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid (HC1), intrinsic factor, and mucus.

Answer 19

Gastric juice

Question 20

A glycoprotein that that binds to vitamin b12

Answer 20

Intrinsic factor

Question 21

_____ produce intrinsic factor

Answer 21

Parietal factor

Question 22

____ regulates muscular contractions and
secretions of the stomach

Answer 22

Gastrin

Question 23

______ cells secrete gastrin

Answer 23

Enteroendocrine

Question 24

secrete the thick layer of
mucus that protects the wall of the stomach

Answer 24

Mucous cells

Question 25

Churned food and gastric juice mixture is called ____, which leaves the stomach in 2 to 6 hours

Answer 25

Chyme

Question 26

*Many folds and villi * Glands secrete mucus * Receives pancreatic secretions and bile

Answer 26

Duodenum

Question 27

Bulk of chemical digestion and absorption occurs in this section

Answer 27

Jejunum

Question 28

contains Peyer’s patches with few folds and villi, delivers remaining materials to the cecum

Answer 28

Ileum

Question 29

finger-like projections containing blood capillaries and a lacteal (lymphatic capillary)

Answer 29

Villi

Question 30

____ is made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; it emulsifies (disperses) fat

Answer 30

Bile

Question 31

_____ and ______ enter the duodenum for chemical digestion

Answer 31

Bile and pancreatic enzymes

Question 32

mixes chyme with intestinal secretions

Answer 32

Segmentation

Question 33

a network of nerves within the walls of the GI tract that controls its own movements and secretions

Answer 33

Enteric nervous system

Question 34

sight or smell of food causes parasympathetic stimulation of gastric secretion

Answer 34

Cephalic phase

Question 35

stretch of the stomach causes gastric contraction and secretion by gastric glands including gastrin

Answer 35

Gastric phase

Question 36

stretch of the duodenum causes contraction and secretion in the small intestine and feeds back to the stomach

Answer 36

Intestinal phase

Question 37

causes gastric contraction and secretion by gastric glands

Answer 37

Gastrin

Question 38

causes bicarbonate release from pancreas and production of bile

Answer 38

Secretin

Question 39

inhibits gastric action and slows contractions

Answer 39

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 40

causes enzyme release from pancreas and gall bladder release of bile

Answer 40

Cholecystokinin

Question 41

from adipocytes, causes full feeling

Answer 41

Leptin

Question 42

from stomach, triggers hunger

Answer 42

Ghrelin

Question 43

* Absorbs water, salts, and some vitamins * Stores indigestible material until it is eliminated

Answer 43

Functions of the large intestine

Question 44

Secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. All the hormones that help keep blood glucose level within normal limits

Answer 44

Pancreas

Question 45

Three protein-digesting enzymes, released in inactive forms:

Answer 45

* Trypsin – activated by enterokinase * Chymotrypsin * Carboxypeptidase – activated by trypsin * Lipase digests fat * Nucleases break down nucleic acids

Question 46

______ digests starch

Answer 46

Amylase

Question 47

* Detoxifies blood * Removes and stores nutrients * Stores iron and vitamins A, D, E, and K * Makes plasma proteins

Answer 47

Functions of the liver