Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > GI System > Flashcards

GI System Flashcards

1
Q

solution of mucus and water

A

Saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Passageway for food and air

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chewed and swallowed food or
drink

A

Bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Layer of epithelium that lines the lumen
* Glandular epithelial cells secrete digestive
enzymes
* Goblet cells secrete mucus

A

Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Loose connective tissue
* Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels,
and nerves

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

______are scattered throughout
the submucosa of the small intestine, and help protect from disease

A

Peyer patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In most places, two layers: inner,
circular layer and outer, longitudinal
layer
* The stomach has an extra oblique layer

A

Muscularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thin, outermost layer of squamous
epithelium
* Secretes serous fluid

A

Serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

outer connective tissue
layer of the esophagus

A

Adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscular tube from the pharynx to the
stomach; function is to transport food to
the stomach; no chemical digestion occurs
here

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rhythmic contraction of
smooth muscle, pushes food along the
alimentary canal

A

Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

marks the entrance
to the stomach
* Not a true sphincter
* Keeps stomach contents in the stomach

A

Esophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

deep folds in its wall

A

Rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

*Stores and liquefies food
* Starts the digestion of proteins
* Moves food into the small intestine

A

Functions of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

*Acts on food both chemically and physically
*Muscular wall churns and mixes food with
gastric juice

A

Digestive functions of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

*Gastric pits lead to gastric glands that
produce gastric juice (pepsinogen, HCl,
intrinsic factor and mucus)

A

Digestive functions of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chief cells secrete _____, which
is activated to ____

A

Pepsinogen, pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Protein digesting enzyme

A

Pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Watery solution that contains pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid (HC1), intrinsic factor, and mucus.

A

Gastric juice

20
Q

A glycoprotein that that binds to vitamin b12

A

Intrinsic factor

21
Q

_____ produce intrinsic factor

A

Parietal factor

22
Q

____ regulates muscular contractions and
secretions of the stomach

A

Gastrin

23
Q

______ cells secrete gastrin

A

Enteroendocrine

24
Q

secrete the thick layer of
mucus that protects the wall of the stomach

A

Mucous cells

25
Q

Churned food and gastric juice mixture is
called ____, which leaves the stomach in 2
to 6 hours

A

Chyme

26
Q

*Many folds and villi
* Glands secrete mucus
* Receives pancreatic secretions and bile

A

Duodenum

27
Q

Bulk of chemical digestion and absorption occurs in this section

A

Jejunum

28
Q

contains Peyer’s patches with few
folds and villi, delivers remaining materials to the cecum

A

Ileum

29
Q

finger-like projections containing
blood capillaries and a lacteal (lymphatic
capillary)

A

Villi

30
Q

____ is made by the liver and stored in
the gallbladder; it emulsifies
(disperses) fat

A

Bile

31
Q

_____ and ______ enter the
duodenum for chemical digestion

A

Bile and pancreatic enzymes

32
Q

mixes chyme with
intestinal secretions

A

Segmentation

33
Q

a network of
nerves within the walls of the GI tract that
controls its own movements and secretions

A

Enteric nervous system

34
Q

sight or smell of food
causes parasympathetic stimulation of
gastric secretion

A

Cephalic phase

35
Q

stretch of the stomach
causes gastric contraction and secretion
by gastric glands including gastrin

A

Gastric phase

36
Q

stretch of the
duodenum causes contraction and
secretion in the small intestine and feeds
back to the stomach

A

Intestinal phase

37
Q

causes gastric contraction and
secretion by gastric glands

A

Gastrin

38
Q

causes bicarbonate release from
pancreas and production of bile

A

Secretin

39
Q

inhibits
gastric action and slows contractions

A

Gastric inhibitory peptide

40
Q

causes enzyme
release from pancreas and gall bladder release
of bile

A

Cholecystokinin

41
Q

from adipocytes, causes full feeling

A

Leptin

42
Q

from stomach, triggers hunger

A

Ghrelin

43
Q
  • Absorbs water, salts, and some vitamins
  • Stores indigestible material until it is
    eliminated
A

Functions of the large intestine

44
Q

Secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. All the hormones that help keep blood glucose level within normal limits

A

Pancreas

45
Q

Three protein-digesting enzymes,
released in inactive forms:

A
  • Trypsin – activated by
    enterokinase
  • Chymotrypsin
  • Carboxypeptidase – activated by
    trypsin
  • Lipase digests fat
  • Nucleases break down nucleic acids
46
Q

______ digests starch

A

Amylase

47
Q
  • Detoxifies blood
  • Removes and stores nutrients
  • Stores iron and vitamins A, D, E, and K
  • Makes plasma proteins
A

Functions of the liver

Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions