GI S.

Question 1

Secrete saliva and digestive enzymes

Answer 1

Salivary glands
- Parotid gland
- Sublingual gland
- Submandibular gland

Question 2

Processes and stores nutrients; sends bile to the gallbladder

Answer 2

Liver

Question 3

Produces juice that contains enzymes; sends it to the small intestine; produces insulin and secretes it into blood after eating

Answer 3

Pancreas

Question 4

Passageway where food is swallowed

Answer 4

Pharynx (throat)

Question 5

Passageway where peristalsis pushes food to stomach

Answer 5

Esophagus

Question 6

Pushes the food along the length of the gut

Answer 6

Peristalsis

Question 7

Secretes acid and digestive enzymes; churns, mixing food with secretions, and sends chyme to small intestine

Answer 7

Stomach

Question 8

Stores bile from liver; sends it to small intestine

Answer 8

Gallbladder

Question 9

Mixes chyme with digestive enzymes for final breakdown; absorbs nutrient molecules into body; secretes digestive hormones into blood

Answer 9

Small intestine

Question 10

Absorbs water and salt to form feces

Answer 10

Large intestine

Question 11

Stores and regulates elimination of feces

Answer 11

Rectum

Question 12

The breakdown of food

Answer 12

Digestion

Question 13

Tooth decay

Answer 13

Caries

Question 14

Gum disease

Answer 14

Gingivitis

Question 15

Loss of bone and loosening of the teeth

Answer 15

Periodontist

Question 16

Begins the process of digesting carbohydrates

Answer 16

Salivary amylase

Question 17

Antibacterial enzyme which helps protect the body

Answer 17

Lysozyme

Question 18

Passageway for air

Answer 18

Nasopharynx

Question 19

Passageway for both air and food

Answer 19

Oropharynx

Question 20

Pathway for food

Answer 20

Laryngopharynx

Question 21

Chewed and swallowed food or drink

Answer 21

Bolus

Question 22

Secrete digestive enzymes and goblet cells that secrete mucus

Answer 22

Mucosa

Question 23

Lymph nodules called peyer patches and scattered throughout, they help protect us from diseases

Answer 23

Submucosa

Question 24

Encircles the gut

Answer 24

Muscularis

Question 25

Secretes a serous fluid that keeps the outer surface of the intestines moist so that the organs of the abdominal cavity slide against one another

Answer 25

Serosa

Question 26

Outer layer of the esophagus composed of loose connective tissue

Answer 26

Adventitia

Question 27

The entrance of the esophagus to the stomach is marked by a constriction

Answer 27

Esophageal sphincter

Question 28

Deep folds built into the stomach wall; increases the internal volume of the stomach to hold more food

Answer 28

Rugae

Question 29

Can hold about 4 liters (1 gallon); receives food from the esophagus, stores food, liquifies food by mixing food with its juices, starts digestion process, and moves food into the small intestine

Answer 29

Function of the stomach

Question 30

Regions of the stomach

Answer 30

- The cardiac region - The fundic region - The body region - The pyloric region

Question 31

Food passes through this and enters the duodenum

Answer 31

Pyloric sphincter

Question 32

Gastric cells

Answer 32

- Chief cells (pepsin) - Parietal cells - Enteroendocrine cells (somatosatin) - Mucous cells

Question 33

Gastric juice

Answer 33

- Pepsinogen - Hydrochloric acid - Intrinsic factor - Mucus

Question 34

Secretion of chief cells

Answer 34

Pepsinogen

Question 35

Protein-digesting enzyme

Answer 35

Pepsin

Question 36

Regulates acid secretion by the stomach and growth of the layer

Answer 36

Gastrin

Question 37

When food leaves the stomach, it is a thick, soapy liquid

Answer 37

Chyme

Question 38

Contains distinctive glands that secrete mucus; protective lining from harsh stomach acid; pancreatic secretions and bile from the liver empty through common duct.

Answer 38

Duodenum

Question 39

The middle part of the small intestine, where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.

Answer 39

Jejunum

Question 40

The last and longest part of the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed from digested food. Absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and any remaining digested products sent to the cecum

Answer 40

Ileum

Question 41

Functions of the small intestine

Answer 41

Ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas join to form one duct that enter the duodenum; absorption of nutrients

Question 42

Produced by the liver, but stored in the gallbladder, emulsifies fat

Answer 42

Bile

Question 43

Allows fat droplets to dispense in water

Answer 43

Emulsification

Question 44

Enzymes that digest fat

Answer 44

Lipase enzymes

Question 45

Hormones that contribute to hunger

Answer 45

Ghrelin and leptin

Question 46

produced in the stomach and increases appetite. levels increase when the stomach is empty and decrease when it's refilled

Answer 46

Ghrelin

Question 47

Produced in fat cells, decreases appetite and helps you feel full. Is the most powerful hormone that suppresses appetite.

Answer 47

Leptin

Question 48

Absorbs water, salts, and some vitamins, and stores the indigestible material that is eventually eliminated at the anus

Answer 48

Large intestine

Question 49

Receives the undigested material from the ileum of the small intestine

Answer 49

Cecum

Question 50

Protector of the internal environment

Answer 50

Vermiform appendix

Question 51

Pouches of the colon

Answer 51

Haustrum

Question 52

Band of muscle on colon

Answer 52

Taenia coli

Question 53

An involuntary reflex, during which the rectal smooth muscle contracts and compresses the fecal material

Answer 53

Defecation

Question 54

a yellow substance that is created when red blood cells break down and is a natural waste product

Answer 54

Bilirubin

Question 55

Pancreatic enzymes

Answer 55

- Trypsin - Chymotrypsin - Carboxypeptidase

Question 56

Digests starch and lipase

Answer 56

Pancreatic amylase

Question 57

Caused by the build-up of bilirubin in your blood. A waste product from the breakdown of red blood cells.

Answer 57

Jaundice

Question 58

Break down fats into smaller droplets, allowing for easier digestion and absorption of fat molecules by the body, essentially aiding in the digestion of lipids by emulsifying them

Answer 58

Bile function