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Anatomy & Physiology > GI S. > Flashcards

GI S. Flashcards

1
Q

Secrete saliva and digestive enzymes

A

Salivary glands
- Parotid gland
- Sublingual gland
- Submandibular gland

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2
Q

Processes and stores nutrients; sends bile to the gallbladder

A

Liver

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3
Q

Produces juice that contains enzymes; sends it to the small intestine; produces insulin and secretes it into blood after eating

A

Pancreas

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4
Q

Passageway where food is swallowed

A

Pharynx (throat)

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5
Q

Passageway where peristalsis pushes food to stomach

A

Esophagus

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6
Q

Pushes the food along the length of the gut

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

Secretes acid and digestive enzymes; churns, mixing food with secretions, and sends chyme to small intestine

A

Stomach

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8
Q

Stores bile from liver; sends it to small intestine

A

Gallbladder

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9
Q

Mixes chyme with digestive enzymes for final breakdown; absorbs nutrient molecules into body; secretes digestive hormones into blood

A

Small intestine

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10
Q

Absorbs water and salt to form feces

A

Large intestine

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11
Q

Stores and regulates elimination of feces

A

Rectum

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12
Q

The breakdown of food

A

Digestion

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13
Q

Tooth decay

A

Caries

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14
Q

Gum disease

A

Gingivitis

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15
Q

Loss of bone and loosening of the teeth

A

Periodontist

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16
Q

Begins the process of digesting carbohydrates

A

Salivary amylase

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17
Q

Antibacterial enzyme which helps protect the body

A

Lysozyme

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18
Q

Passageway for air

A

Nasopharynx

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19
Q

Passageway for both air and food

A

Oropharynx

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20
Q

Pathway for food

A

Laryngopharynx

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21
Q

Chewed and swallowed food or drink

A

Bolus

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22
Q

Secrete digestive enzymes and goblet cells that secrete mucus

A

Mucosa

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23
Q

Lymph nodules called peyer patches and scattered throughout, they help protect us from diseases

A

Submucosa

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24
Q

Encircles the gut

A

Muscularis

25
Q

Secretes a serous fluid that keeps the outer surface of the intestines moist so that the organs of the abdominal cavity slide against one another

A

Serosa

26
Q

Outer layer of the esophagus composed of loose connective tissue

A

Adventitia

27
Q

The entrance of the esophagus to the stomach is marked by a constriction

A

Esophageal sphincter

28
Q

Deep folds built into the stomach wall; increases the internal volume of the stomach to hold more food

A

Rugae

29
Q

Can hold about 4 liters (1 gallon); receives food from the esophagus, stores food, liquifies food by mixing food with its juices, starts digestion process, and moves food into the small intestine

A

Function of the stomach

30
Q

Regions of the stomach

A
  • The cardiac region
  • The fundic region
  • The body region
  • The pyloric region
31
Q

Food passes through this and enters the duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

32
Q

Gastric cells

A
  • Chief cells (pepsin)
  • Parietal cells
  • Enteroendocrine cells (somatosatin)
  • Mucous cells
33
Q

Gastric juice

A
  • Pepsinogen
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Intrinsic factor
  • Mucus
34
Q

Secretion of chief cells

A

Pepsinogen

35
Q

Protein-digesting enzyme

A

Pepsin

36
Q

Regulates acid secretion by the stomach and growth of the layer

A

Gastrin

37
Q

When food leaves the stomach, it is a thick, soapy liquid

A

Chyme

38
Q

Contains distinctive glands that secrete mucus; protective lining from harsh stomach acid; pancreatic secretions and bile from the liver empty through common duct.

A

Duodenum

39
Q

The middle part of the small intestine, where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.

A

Jejunum

40
Q

The last and longest part of the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed from digested food. Absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and any remaining digested products sent to the cecum

A

Ileum

41
Q

Functions of the small intestine

A

Ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas join to form one duct that enter the duodenum; absorption of nutrients

42
Q

Produced by the liver, but stored in the gallbladder, emulsifies fat

A

Bile

43
Q

Allows fat droplets to dispense in water

A

Emulsification

44
Q

Enzymes that digest fat

A

Lipase enzymes

45
Q

Hormones that contribute to hunger

A

Ghrelin and leptin

46
Q

produced in the stomach and increases appetite. levels increase when the stomach is empty and decrease when it’s refilled

A

Ghrelin

47
Q

Produced in fat cells, decreases appetite and helps you feel full. Is the most powerful hormone that suppresses appetite.

A

Leptin

48
Q

Absorbs water, salts, and some vitamins, and stores the indigestible material that is eventually eliminated at the anus

A

Large intestine

49
Q

Receives the undigested material from the ileum of the small intestine

A

Cecum

50
Q

Protector of the internal environment

A

Vermiform appendix

51
Q

Pouches of the colon

A

Haustrum

52
Q

Band of muscle on colon

A

Taenia coli

53
Q

An involuntary reflex, during which the rectal smooth muscle contracts and compresses the fecal material

A

Defecation

54
Q

a yellow substance that is created when red blood cells break down and is a natural waste product

A

Bilirubin

55
Q

Pancreatic enzymes

A
  • Trypsin
  • Chymotrypsin
  • Carboxypeptidase
56
Q

Digests starch and lipase

A

Pancreatic amylase

57
Q

Caused by the build-up of bilirubin in your blood. A waste product from the breakdown of red blood cells.

A

Jaundice

58
Q

Break down fats into smaller droplets, allowing for easier digestion and absorption of fat molecules by the body, essentially aiding in the digestion of lipids by emulsifying them

A

Bile function

Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

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