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Anatomy & Physiology > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

__ forms when atoms bond to each other by covalent bonds

A

Molecules

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2
Q

___ form when an atom gains or loses electrons to become stable

A

Ions

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3
Q

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons

A

Mass number

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4
Q

No energy required to move molecules and ions in and out of the cell

A

Passive Transport

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5
Q

Blood Ph levels

A

7.35-7.45

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6
Q

Chemicals that keep body’s fluid levels normal

A

Electrolytes, potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P)

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7
Q

No charge in the nucleus

A

Neutrons

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8
Q

Energy required to move molecules and ions in and out of a cell

A

Active Transport

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9
Q

Number of protons in the nucleus

A

Atomic Number

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10
Q

Form when atoms of different elements bond

A

Compound

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11
Q

Negative charge in atom surrounding the nucleus

A

Electrons

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12
Q

Surrounds and destroys foreign substances and dead cells

A

Phagocytosis

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13
Q

Positive charge in the nucleus

A

Protons

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14
Q

Positive ion

A

Cation

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15
Q

When positive and negative ions attract each other

A

Ionic bond

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16
Q

Substance that break apart into charged molecules called ions when dissolved in water or other body parts

A

Electrolytes

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17
Q

What are the function of proteins?

A
  • Keratin & Collagen
  • Hormones
  • Actin & Myosin
  • Antibodies
  • Enzymes
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18
Q

The sharing of electrons between atoms

A

Covalent bonds

19
Q

Variations of one type of atom that differ in the number of neutrons, protons does not change

A

Isotopes

20
Q

What are DNA molecules made up of?

A

Nucleotides

21
Q

Small unit of an element

A

Atoms

22
Q

Affects shape of an enzyme

A
  • Temperature change
  • Ph levels
  • The presence of certain chemicals
23
Q

Negative ion

A

Anion

24
Q

Eliminates water from membranes

A

Dehydration

25
Q

Speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

A

Enzymes

26
Q

Unstable isotopes that breakdown over time

A

Radioactive Isotopes

27
Q

Act as an energy source, help control blood glucose, and insulin metabolism

A

Carbohydrates

28
Q

Help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones

A

Lipids

29
Q

Result when there
is an unequal sharing of electrons between
atoms.

A

Polar Covalent Bonds

30
Q

Result from
equal attraction for shared electrons

A

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

31
Q

Measurement for the number of atoms or
molecules of a compound

A

Mole

32
Q

Do not contain carbon
atoms

A

Inorganic Molecules

33
Q

Do contain carbon

A

Organic Molecules

34
Q

___ have negative and positive
ends

A

Polar Molecule

35
Q

Covalently bonded ___ has a slight positive charge and is attracted to a slightly negatively charged atom nearby

A

Hydrogen Bond

36
Q

Substances that either take up hydrogen ions or realease hydroxide ions

A

Bases

37
Q

To link monomers into polymers, the cell uses a ___

A

Dehydration reaction

38
Q

Ions and molecules that are water-soluble are said to be ___

A

Hydrophilic

39
Q

Molecules that do not interact with water are said to be ___

A

Hydrophobic

40
Q

To break up macromolecules, the cell reverses dehydration, using a ___
(Splitting the water)

A

Hydrolysis reaction

41
Q

Two or more reactants combine to form a larger complex product

A

Synthesis reactions

42
Q

Primary energy carrier in cells

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

43
Q

Bases in DNA

A

A- adenine
T- thymine
G- guanine
C- cytosine

44
Q

Fats and oils are often called ___

A

Triglycerides

Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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