GI Phys 5: Liver & Gallbladder

Question 1

key functions of the liver (5)

Answer 1

nutrient metabolism, synthesis of serum proteins, storage of nutrients, immune function, detoxification/biotransformation

Question 2

75% of BF to the liver comes from where

Answer 2

portal vein

Question 3

blood and bile flow in opposite directions in where

Answer 3

liver lobules.

Question 4

Hepatocytes

Answer 4

primary liver cells, functional cell of liver, polarized epithelial cell that interfaces blood and bile

Question 5

Kupffer cells

Answer 5

host defense mechanism, phagocytic macrophages, exposed to portal blood, backup if toxin gets into liver from GI

Question 6

Endothelial cells

Answer 6

large pores between cells (not packed tightly)

Question 7

stellate cells

Answer 7

regulate BF, fill gaps between endothelial cells

Question 8

4 key steps in hepatocyte biotransformation

Answer 8

1) uptake
2) transport
3) biotransformation
4) secretion

Question 9

biotransformation: phase 1 and 2

Answer 9

phase 1: add fxnl group to make compounds more polar (water soluble) (oxiation, reduction, hydrolysis)
phase 2: conjugation reaction. add large bulky group to molecule to make it more polar

Question 10

goal of biotransformation

Answer 10

make compounds more water soluble (polar)

Question 11

key structure used for bile acid/salt synthesis

Answer 11

cholesterol

Question 12

predominant bile acid

Answer 12

cholic acid

Question 13

t/f bile acids/salts use biotransformation for bile synthesis

Answer 13

true

Question 14

portal hypertension is a sign of what

Answer 14

sign of liver dysfunction.

Question 15

consequences of portal hypertension

Answer 15

varicies: distension of vascular GI organs, splenomegaly, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy