GI Pathophysiology 2-Hideyo Flashcards
Motility of the GI involves
longitudinal muscles–> contract & shorten the tube
circular muscles–> contract–> changes the tube diameter
When longitudinal muscle contracts, circular muscle relaxes (contractions are organized to propel chyme)
The electrical activity in the GI tract that influences motility includes
pacemaker cells (PNS-reach threshold quicker vs. SNS- reach threshold slower)
electrical slow waves
action potentials
voltage gated Ca2+ channels
difference between stomach and intestines
Autonomic control of motility includes
acetylcholine
norepinephrine & epinephrine
The GI tract is under
neural control
known as the enteric nervous system
Types of motility include
peristalsis (propulsion)- unidirectional movement of chyme over various distances
segmentation (mixing movement)- ensures max absorption
tonic contraction
Absorption of water occurs in
small and large intestines
water permeable maintains isotonicity
osmosis
Fat is digested to
free fatty acid & lipase
Diarrhea is due to
underlying causes including secretory diarrhea (cholera infection) & osmotic diarrhea (lactose intolerance)
Vomiting is due to
explosion of gastric/duodenal chyme
vomiting center in medulla of the brain stem
chemoreceptor trigger zone (floor of 4th ventricle, area of postrema)
Your patient is at a higher risk for aspiration. A severity of pulmonary insult from aspiration of gastric content is associated to: A. volume B. pH C. composition D. temperature
A & B
Syndrome caused by perioperative aspiration of gastric contents is called _____ syndrome.
Mendelson’s
Volume greater than _____ mL & gastric pH less than _____ can cause Mendelson’s syndrome
25 mL; pH <2.5
What is (are) the major anesthetic problems associated with carcinoid tumor? A. Bronchospasm B. hypotension C. Hypertension D. decreased GI motility
A. B. & D.
Which condition does NOT have any impact on normal gastric emptying? A. pregnancy B. pain/anxiety C. fever D. Trauma
C. fever
