GI Part 2- 2

Question 1

What factor does parietal cells secrete that is essential for vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum?

Answer 1

Intrinsic

Question 2

What cells do all functional cell types of the gastric pit originate from from, they are called stem cells, located in the neck of the gland?

Answer 2

Mucous neck cells

Question 3

What is in the stomach that increases surface area?

Answer 3

Canaliculus

Question 4

What does the following lead to?
Pepsinogen —> In acidic pH pepsin = Hydrolysis of _________

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

In calves and lambs:
Prochymosine —> In acidic pH chymosine = Hydrolysis of ______ protein

Answer 5

Milk

Question 6

What cells secrete their granules content into the lamina propria, some reach the blood capillaries and travel to other parts of the GI tract?

Answer 6

Enteroendocrine

Question 7

What cells have high mitotic activity?

Answer 7

Intestinal crypt cells

Question 8

Stimulatory or Inhibitory?
Gastrin, histamine, ACh

Answer 8

Stimulatory

Question 9

Stimulatory or Inhibitory?
Somatostatin

Answer 9

Inhibitory

Question 10

When amino acids and fatty acids are present, which GI hormone is released?

Answer 10

CCK

Question 11

When pH is decreased, which GI hormone is released?

Answer 11

Secretin

Question 12

Since NSAIDs block the synthesis of prostaglandines and important processes in the gastric mucosa, what do they promote?

Answer 12

Gastric ulcers

Question 13

What does ACh and prostaglandine E stimulate the secretion of?

Answer 13

Mucus

Question 14

What does the release of CCK and secretin from the enteroednocrine cells of the small intestine depend of the presence of in the intestinal lumen? (2 things)

Answer 14

Food particles and pH

Question 15

What acid neutralizes the acidic pH by producing the enzyme urease?

Answer 15

Gastric acid (HCl)

Question 16

What phase of gastric secretion is the following:
Before food enters the stomach
Stimulated by sight, smell, thought or taste
Greater appetite = stronger stimulation
Occurs in BRAIN

Answer 16

Cephalic phase

Question 17

What phase of gastric secretion is the following:
Induced by vagovagal reflexes from the stomach to the brain?

Answer 17

Gastric phase

Question 18

What phase of gastric secretion is the following:
Induced by the presence of food in the doudenum?

Answer 18

Intestinal phase

Question 19

What does the following result in, in horses and pigs:
The pH is 4-6 in proximal stomach —> colonization of bacteria —> hydrolysis of carbs in short chain fatty acids and lactate —> more acidic pH = damage of the mucosa = _______ _______

Answer 19

Gastric ulcers