GI Part 1- 1 Flashcards
What is the 1st act of digestion called that utilizes the teeth, jaws, tongue, and cheeks?
Mastication
What direction does the mandible move in carnivores that creates scissor blades?
Vertical
What direction does the mandible move in herbivores?
Horizontal
What is the 1st motility pattern in the GI tract?
Deglutition
What stage of deglutition is when the food is formed into a bonus and the tongue pushes it back into the pharynx?
Voluntary
What stage of deglutition occurs in the pharynx and esophagus and directs food into the GI system?
Involuntary
What are activated when food goes into the pharynx?
Sensory nerve endings
List the 4 steps of deglutition:
1- soft palate is elevated- closes pharyngeal opening
2- tongue is pressed against hard palate- closing oral opening
3- epiglottis blocks entrance to trachea
4- upper esophageal sphincter opens- food goes through esophagus by peristaltic contractions: trachea reopened and respiration continues
What are the 2 types of dysfunctions of deglutition?
Dysphasia and Aspiration
What is the regulatory center for energy homeostasis?
Hypothalamus
What are the 2 types of hypothalamic neuropeptides that are Stimulatory?
NPY
Orexin
What is the type of hypothalamic neuropeptide that is inhibitory?
MSH
What hypothalamic neuropeptide inhibits hunger and increases energy consumption?
MSH
What is the type of non-hypothalamic hormone that is Stimulatory?
Ghrelin
What are the 4 types of non-hypothalamic hormones that are inhibitory?
CCK
PYY
Lectin
Insulin
