GI parasites

Question 1

Severity of infection is based on what 2 things?

Answer 1

challenge dose and host status

Question 2

What is involved with challenge dose? What is involved with host status?

Answer 2

Challenge dose is location of animals and housing of animals including population density
Host status is genetics, nutritional level, immunocomp. or not, illness or healthy, age, etc.

Question 3

Parascaris equorium is most common in adults or foals?

Answer 3

foals, infection occurs in horses that are 2-3 years old

Question 4

Tx for Parascaris equorium

Answer 4

Surgical correction of impaction usually is necessary
If large burden, consider slower kill method vs paralysis
Power pack method over 5 days kills them at different rates so not a whole bunch dying at the same time and causing impaction

Question 5

the eggs of what equine parasite can be veryyyyyyy resistant and live in the environment for 10 years

Answer 5

parascaris equorium

Question 6

_____ ____ can cause intussusception, impaction of the SI, and rupture

Answer 6

parascaris equorium aka equine roundworm

Question 7

Oxyuris equi (pinworm) is usually in what anatomic location? How do we diagnose them?

Answer 7

In the dorsal colon; diagnose via tape test… do not look for them on fecal because they stick to the rectum of the horse (eggs are around the rectum) (POCO)

Question 8

Gastrophilus species=

Answer 8

bots

Question 9

Gastrophilus species

aka “Bots”:

Answer 9

Flies lays eggs “glued” on hair coat, horse bites itself to itch and ingests the eggs into the stomach, may cause lesions on the tongue too

Question 10

What is the tx for Gastrophilus species

aka “Bots”??

Answer 10

Moxidectin

Question 11

When you see “Dictyocaulus arnfeldi” think what species??

Answer 11

donkey

Question 12

Large strongyles are the most pathogenic but are uncommon. T/F

Answer 12

True!!!

Question 13

S. vulgaris:

Answer 13

Large strongyle, thromboembolic disease because it migrates towards the artery –> artery blocked –>infarction of the intestines
causes colic, infarction of segments of intestine

Question 14

____ strongyles account for 80-90% of the equine parasite burden, most impt for horses over ___ years

Answer 14

small strongyles; 3 years

Question 15

____ is an ascaid that will encyst during low transmission seasons (mostly in late fall, winter, and early spring)

Answer 15

Roundworm

Question 16

Small strongyles vs. ascarids:

Answer 16

Strongyles are the most injurious, whereas ascarids, bots and pinworms generally are less harmful

Question 17

Combating issues of parasites:

Answer 17

Focus on controlling egg shedding–>prevent transmission by minimizing pasture load
Zero parasite burden is NOT the goal, not realistic either
Maintain refugia

Question 18

What is the goal of combating issues of parasites via refugia?

Answer 18

The goal of equine parasite control is to prevent disease while maintaining refugia
(Climatic control and
Individual immunity)

Question 19

___% -___% of horses have 80% pasture contamination

Answer 19

15-30%

Question 20

round worms are ____ which the major parasite of horses less than 3 years old

Answer 20

ascarids

Question 21

Small strongyles are the major parasite of horses more than __-__ years old

Answer 21

2-3 years old

Question 22

rotational deworming selects for ________ ______

Answer 22

anthelmintic resistance

Question 23

zero tolerance for strongyle eggs in FEC is not sustainable. T/F

Answer 23

Trueee

Question 24

Identify individuals requiring anthelmintic therapy by a FEC of ____

Answer 24

> 200 eggs/gram

Question 25

what is the formula for the fecal egg count reduction test?

Answer 25

%FECR= FEC pre- FEC post / FEC post x 100%

Question 26

Do a FEC, deworm with anthelmintic of choice and recheck FEC in ___ days

Answer 26

14 days

Question 27

what is the main parasite in horses <3 years?

Answer 27

Ascarids aka roundworms aka pasacaris equi

Question 28

What is the main parasite in horses more than 2-3 years old?

Answer 28

Small strongyles