Blood and Plasma Therapy

Question 1

Inappropriate bone marrow erythropoiesis –> systemic disease and intrinsic bone marrow disease, vit/mineral def=

Answer 1

non regenerative anemia

Question 2

diagnosis of anemia of inflammatory disease is M:E ___

Answer 2

M:E more than 3.5 with large iron reserves

Question 3

Increased serum ferritin means?

Answer 3

Anemia of inflammatory disease

Question 4

microcytic, hypochromic anemia caused by iron def from ______ _______

Answer 4

chronic hemorrhage

Question 5

Indications for blood transfusion-

Answer 5

acute blood loss of >30% of the volume
Blood lactate >4.0 after fluids
O2 extraction ratio >50%

Question 6

What is the perfect donor selection??

Answer 6

healthy, large, well-behaved GELDING Aa and Qa and alloantibody negative

Question 7

Cross match for MAJOR blood transfusions-

Answer 7

Donor RBC, patient serum

Question 8

Cross match for minor blood transfusions-

Answer 8

Donor serum, patient RBC

Question 9

Blood transfusions-

Answer 9

Oxyglobin- bovine Hgb, whole blood of 2,3-disphosphoglycerate- depleted, fresh blood is ideal/rec.

Question 10

Transfused RBC survive how long?

Answer 10

Less than 1 week (3-5 days) - multiple transfusions may be required

Question 11

Whole blood-

Answer 11

Collect up to 20ml/kg every 3 weeks (9L/450kg)

Question 12

Plasma is typically __-___L for adult horse

Answer 12

6-10L

Question 13

For FPT therapy-

Answer 13

1 L raises serum IgG of 50kg foal- about 200-300 mg/dL

administer until IgG more than 800mg/dL

Question 14

transfusion reactions can often be preventing by pretreated with ____ ____

Answer 14

flunixin meglumine

Question 15

Natural ___ have higher antigenic risk

Answer 15

colloids

Question 16

Synthetic blood-

Answer 16

Hetastratch, dextran 70 and dextran 40

Question 17

What synthetic blood has 1/2 life of 25 hours

Answer 17

Hetastarch

Question 18

Plasma transfusion indications=

Answer 18

Hypoproteinemia, endotoxemia, coagulopathy

Question 19

How much blood can we collect from an adult horse for transfusion?

Answer 19

usually about 8 L (can take up to 20% of horses blood volume to be donated)

Question 20

Run plasma slow for 15 mins, why?

Answer 20

Rxns are usually going to show up within the first 15 mins (sweating, yawning, muscle twitching, increased RR/HR/temp)

Question 21

___ makes up about 50% of total protein in the blood and maintains oncotic pressure

Answer 21

Albumin

Question 22

FPT is IgG conc less than ____ mg/dL

Answer 22

<800 mg/dL

Question 23

What are specific pathogen prophylaxis (3)?

Answer 23

Rhodococcus equi, rotavirus, clostridium perfringens

Question 24

Foals fed milk replacer before __-__ hours of age may absorb bovine proteins

Answer 24

12-24 hours

Question 25

Rhodococcus equi prevention-

Answer 25

Hyperimmune R. equi plasma, administer in first few days of life to maintain increase titers

Question 26

what is the only preventative method found to reduce incidence of R. equi pneumonia?

Answer 26

Hyperimmune R. equi plasma

Question 27

Botulism antiserum, what is the most common type?

Answer 27

type B is the most common serotype

Question 28

Multivalent serotypes and which ones? Which one is most common?

Answer 28

Multivalent serotypes A, B, and C | The most common is serotype B

Question 29

Botulism antiserum can only bind which type of botulism?

Answer 29

Botulinum toxin in circulation, not at the neuromuscular end plate

Question 30

Tetanus antiserum cannot bind tetanus toxin where?

Answer 30

Neuromuscular end plate

Question 31

Tetanus toxoid can be given at the same time as tetanus antiserum. T/F

Answer 31

True!!!

Question 32

FDA recommends against use of ____ in critical p because affects clotting and can worsen VwD and worsen renal disease

Answer 32

Hetastarch