GI Labs Flashcards
hypocalcemia
pancreatitis - freed fat binds to calcium
alkaline phosphatase
elevated in gallstones
lipase
3x elevated in pancreatitis (more specific than amylase)
hematocrit elevated
dehydration if diarrhea
24 hour fecal fat test used to dx
celiac dz
alcohol-related problems (liver enzymes)
AST will be 2x ALT
PT/INR elevated
think of liver damage d/t lack of clotting factors formed
labs are all normal, but pt c/o wt loss, bloating, diarrhea… pain relieved w/ defacation
IBS
low albumin
possibly due to liver dysfunction in making protein, would suspect ascites
B12 low - where might the dz be?
ileum - this is site of absorption
Fe and folate low - where might the dz be?
duodenum - site of absorption
NAAT stool test is used for what
C. diff
leukocytosis
cholangitis, appendicitis, cholecystitis
urine is tea colored - why
elevated direct/conjugated bilirubin
ECRP - what area are you looking in
bile ducts, pancreatic ducts
stool is light colored
elevated direct/conjugated bilirubin
bili metabolism
macrophage: heme to bilverdin bilverdin to unconjugated bili Liver conjugates the bili bili in the bile>bili/cystic duct> GB GB > small intestine bili > urobili > stercobili (stool) or bili > urobilogen > urobilin (urine) or bili > urobiligen > bili (recycled)
urine is very dark and heme positive - why
elevated indirect bili
obturator sign
flex the R hip and rotator inwards
psoas sign
R hip extension against resistance
murphy sign
push up toward liver (RUQ) have pt inhale - if they stop the inhale d/t pain, positive
mcburneys point
RLQ
rovsing sign
Pressure on LLQ, release, pain?
turner/cullen sign
pancreatitis
