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Clin Med > Cumulative - Cardio > Flashcards

Cumulative - Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

halo sign

A

temporal artery thickening on temporal US

-giant cell arteritis

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2
Q

tx: giant cell arteritis

A

high dose prednisone + low dose aspirin (immediately)

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3
Q

tx: DVT

A

LMWH (enoxaparin) followed by warfarin

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4
Q

diagnostic test for DVT

A

duplex US

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5
Q

diagnostic test for PE

A

CT angiography

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6
Q

vein that is most commonly varicosed

A

great saphenous

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7
Q

mechanism of varicose veins

A
  1. superficial venous insufficiency

2. valvular incompetence

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8
Q

sx: PAD

A

intermittent claudication (foot/lower leg pain resolved w/ rest)

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9
Q

tx: PAD

A
  • modify risk factors: smoking cessation; tx HTN, DM, hyperlipidemia
  • beta blocker, ACEI, statins, antiplatelet (if not contraindicated)
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10
Q

roth spots - what are they and what do they indicate

A
  • exudative lesions on retina

- infective endocarditis

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11
Q

janeway lesions - what are they and what do they indicate

A
  • painless red lesions on palms/soles

- infective endocarditis

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12
Q

osler nodes - what are they and what do they indicate

A
  • osler nodes

- infective endocarditis

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13
Q

dx endocarditis

A
  • 3 blood cultures, spaced 1 hour apart

- transesophageal echo - vegetation

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14
Q

causative organisms endocarditis

  • native valve
  • IV drug users (tricuspid valve)
  • prosthetic valve
A
  • native: Strep viridans, S. aureus
  • IV: S. aureus
  • Prosthetic: S. aureus, gram negs, fungi
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15
Q
  • cough + dyspnea
  • electrical alternans EKG
  • low voltage Q waves
A

pericardial effusion

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16
Q
  • narrow pulse pressure
  • tachycardic/tachypnic
  • JVD
  • pulsus paradoxus
A

cardiac tamponade

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17
Q

Friction rub
Substernal chest pain relieved by leaning forward
- what is it
- what EKG changes

A

acute pericarditis

diffuse ST elevation

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18
Q

tx: restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

diuretics

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19
Q

tx: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

beta-blocker, CCB
disopyramide (neg inotropic effects)
possible ablation/pacing

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20
Q

tx: dialated cardiomyopathy

A

avoid EtOH

supportive

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21
Q

MC type of cardiomyopathy:

MCC?

A

dialated

  • genetics
  • excessive alcohol
  • postpartum
  • chemo tox
  • endocrinopathy
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22
Q

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy - what is this?

A

“broken heart syndrome”

  • extreme stress releases catecholamines; resulting in hypOcontractility of LV apex
  • clinically, looks like an MI
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23
Q

Cardiomyopathy that is usually genetic, found in otherwise healthy young ppl?

A

Hypertrophic

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24
Q

Cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  • fibrosis of ventricular wall due to collagen defect dz (amylodosis, radiation, postop, DM)
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25
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sx?
dyspnea, angina, syncope, S4
26
2nd degree heart block, Mobitz 2: where is the block in the conduction system
within His Bundle | intermittent non-conducted beings
27
3rd degree heart block: where is the block in the conduction system
distal to His bundle
28
tx: sick sinus syndrome
permanent pacing
29
sick sinus syndrome - what is the heartbeat like?
- sinus brady/pause/arrest | - alternating sinus tachy/sinus brady
30
indication for ICD
- recurrent vtach (w/o reversible cause) - congential long qt - brugada
31
vtach: tx
1. amiodarone 2. lidocaine 3. procainamide
32
what is brugada syndrome?
Genetic d/o in Asian men - syncope - V. fib - sudden death in sleep
33
long QT: sx
- congential - recurrent syncope - ventricular arrhythmia - sudden death
34
Possible causes of torsade de pointes
- hypokalemia - hypomagnesemia - QT- prolonging drugs
35
Tx: Torsade de Pontes
- IV magnesium - tx other electrolyte abnormalities - isoproternol after initial correcting treatment
36
PVCs - when to worry
3+ can lead to V.tah | possible causes: electrolyte abnormalities, MI, dilated CM
37
Major complication of Afib
MCC of embolic cerebrovascular accident
38
Difference in treating stable arrhythmia v. unstable arrhytmia
- unstable: electricity | - stable: meds
39
Midsystolic click Late systolic murmur What valve d/o
- mitral valve prolapse | - thin females
40
D/o of these valves present in childhood
Pulmonic and tricuspid
41
D/o of these valves present in adults
Aortic and mitral
42
What would be appropriate tx for someone with unstable bradycardia?
Atropine or epi/dopa (+ chronotropes) or pacing
43
difference in carotid pulses - aortic stenosis - aortic regurg
AS: thready AR: bounding
44
MC valve d/o in US?
aortic stenosis
45
What pt should NOT get CCBs for treating their HTN?
Those w CHF
46
Tx: hypertensive emergency
- Sodium nitroprusside - if myocardial ischemia: nitro/BB - if pg: hydralazine Avoid dec. BP too fast - risk of cerebral ischemia
47
Tx: HTN in pregnancy
methyl-dopa
48
What drug class reduces mortality in both pt w/ CHF and post-MI pts?
Beta-blockers
49
Beta-blocker affect on heart
Reduce HR and CO
50
L-sided HF - clinical sx
- exertional dyspnea - cough - fatigue - orthopnea, paroxsymal nocturnal dyspnea - gallps - exercise intolerance Think of as "pulmonary vascular congestion"
51
R-sided HF - clinical sx
- pitting edema | - hepatomegaly
52
Kerley B lines - what are they
CXR finding indicative of CHF
53
tx: CHF
ACEI/ARB, some BB
54
BB used for CHF (3)
bisoprolol, metoprolol, carvedilol
55
MCC of ischemic heart dz
artherosclerotic narrowing
56
Which gender dies more from CVD?
women
57
maintenance tx: unstable angina
ACEI/BB + antiplatelet
58
STEMI EKG criteria
ST elevation in 2+ contiguous leads
59
STEMI: tx
- aspirin + clopidogrel immediately - coronary angiography + PCI - if PCI unavailable, thrombolysis
60
UA: tx
- low risk: aspirin + clopidogrel immediately, then LMWH (enoxaparin) long term - if high risk; same as STEMI (angio+PCI)
61
Tetrology of Fallot - what are 4 things
VSD Aortic orignation over defect RV outflow obstruction RV hypertrophy
62
ASD - PE findings
- heave @ LLSB - S2 w/ fixed wide splitting - mid-systolic murmur at LUSB
63
ASD - sx
usually asymptomatic | - DOE, fatigue
64
ASD - tx
surgical repair to prevent cor pulmonale

Clin Med (12 decks)

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