GI Introduction Flashcards
What are the organs included in the GIT?
- Oral cavity
- Salivary glands
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Cecum
- Large intestine/Colon
- Rectum
- Anus
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing and/or chewing
What is ptyalism?
Excessive production of saliva aka hypersalivation
What is regurgitation?
Expulsion of material from pharynx or esophagus
What is vomiting?
Forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth
What is hematemesis?
Blood in vomitus
What is borborygmi?
Bowel sounds
What is diarrhea?
A loose of liquid bowel movement
What is steatorrhea?
Presence of excess fat in the stool
What is acholic feces?
Pale, gray to tan feces associated with biliary disease
What is melena?
Black, tarry feces associated with upper GIT bleeding
Black is due to hemoglobin digestion
What is tenesmus?
Straining to defecate
What is hematochezia?
Frank blood in or around stool
What is constipation?
Infrequent or difficult to pass stools
What is obstipation?
Sever or complete constipation
Inability to pass stools
What is dyschezia?
Painful defecation
Does vomiting or regurgitation involve abdominal contractions?
Vomiting
Is there any change in sphincter relaxation in vomiting? Regurgitation?
Vomiting- actively open/relax
Regurgitation- no change
Is regurgitation associated with a prodromal period of nausea/retching?
No- vomiting is
T/F: Regurgitation can be recognized because it happens immediately after eating.
False- both vomiting and regurgitation have variable times after a meal
Which type of diarrhea presents with increased frequency of defecation?
Large bowel
Small bowel may have some, but not as pronounced
Which type of diarrhea presents with increased volume of defecation?
Small bowel
What type of diarrhea may present with melena or steatorrhea?
Small bowel
What are some structural pathologies that can lead to GI disease
- Congenital abnormality
- Obstruction with foreign material or mass lesion
