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SAM 2 > GI Introduction > Flashcards

GI Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs included in the GIT?

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Salivary glands
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Cecum
  • Large intestine/Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anus
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2
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing and/or chewing

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3
Q

What is ptyalism?

A

Excessive production of saliva aka hypersalivation

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4
Q

What is regurgitation?

A

Expulsion of material from pharynx or esophagus

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5
Q

What is vomiting?

A

Forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth

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6
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

Blood in vomitus

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7
Q

What is borborygmi?

A

Bowel sounds

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8
Q

What is diarrhea?

A

A loose of liquid bowel movement

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9
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A

Presence of excess fat in the stool

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10
Q

What is acholic feces?

A

Pale, gray to tan feces associated with biliary disease

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11
Q

What is melena?

A

Black, tarry feces associated with upper GIT bleeding

Black is due to hemoglobin digestion

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12
Q

What is tenesmus?

A

Straining to defecate

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13
Q

What is hematochezia?

A

Frank blood in or around stool

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14
Q

What is constipation?

A

Infrequent or difficult to pass stools

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15
Q

What is obstipation?

A

Sever or complete constipation

Inability to pass stools

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16
Q

What is dyschezia?

A

Painful defecation

17
Q

Does vomiting or regurgitation involve abdominal contractions?

A

Vomiting

18
Q

Is there any change in sphincter relaxation in vomiting? Regurgitation?

A

Vomiting- actively open/relax

Regurgitation- no change

19
Q

Is regurgitation associated with a prodromal period of nausea/retching?

A

No- vomiting is

20
Q

T/F: Regurgitation can be recognized because it happens immediately after eating.

A

False- both vomiting and regurgitation have variable times after a meal

21
Q

Which type of diarrhea presents with increased frequency of defecation?

A

Large bowel

Small bowel may have some, but not as pronounced

22
Q

Which type of diarrhea presents with increased volume of defecation?

A

Small bowel

23
Q

What type of diarrhea may present with melena or steatorrhea?

A

Small bowel

24
Q

What are some structural pathologies that can lead to GI disease

A
  • Congenital abnormality

- Obstruction with foreign material or mass lesion

25
Q

What are some systemic diseases associated with GI disease?

A
  • Uremic gastritis
  • Liver disease
  • Pancreatitis
26
Q

What are some functional abnormalities that lead to GI disease?

A
  • Megaesophagus
  • Dysautonomia
  • Cricopharyngeal achalasia
  • Esophageal motility disorders
27
Q

What are the infiltrative diseases of the GIT?

A
  • Inflammatory bowel disease

- Neoplasia

28
Q

What are some reactive pathologies of the GIT?

A
  • Food sensitivity
  • Bacteria dysbiosis
  • Acute toxin
  • Diet indiscretion

SAM 2 (21 decks)

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