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SAM 2 > FLUTD > Flashcards

FLUTD Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: FLUTD is often idiopathic.

A

True

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2
Q

What are some potential etiologies for FLUTD?

A 
Bacterial infection
Uroliths
Neoplasia
Trauma
Anatomy
Behavior
Feline interstitial cystitis
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3
Q

How is a diagnosis of feline interstitial cystitis made?

A

Cystoscopy

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4
Q

What is the most common age group to get FLUTD?

A

2-6 years

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5
Q

How is the mucosa changed in feline idiopathic cystitis?

A

Altered glucosaminoglycan excretion and increased ion leakage across urothelium

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6
Q

How is the submucosa changed in feline idiopathic cystitis?

A

Presence of mast cells

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7
Q

How are the sympathetic nervous system and pain fibers effected with feline idiopathic cystitis?

A

Increased substance P and increased C-fiber activation

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8
Q

Can feline idiopathic cystitis have a stress trigger?

A

Yes- pro-inflammatory state and cytokine release

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of FLUTD?

A

Hematuria, stranguria, pollakiuria,, inappropriate urination, large firm palpable bladder, inability to urinate

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10
Q

How is FLUTD diagnosed?

A

Exclusion or cystoscopy

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11
Q

What will the bladder look like on cystoscopy?

A

Glomerulated

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12
Q

What is the purpose of imaging in an FLUTD case?

A

Rule out urolithiasis

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13
Q

What will you find on urinalysis of an FLUTD patient?

A

Protein, blood, crystals, low yield culture

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14
Q

What is the most important part of therapy in FLUTD?

A

Environmental management- reduction of stress, plenty of water sources, environmental enrichment

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15
Q

What is the preferred method of dislogement in cases of obstruction?

A

Catheterization and IV fluids

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16
Q

What drugs can be useful in managing FLUTD?

A

Analgesics, antihistamines, GAG, prazosin, diazepam

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17
Q

What are the common diseases of the vagina?

A

Hemorrhage, vaginitis, hyperplasia, prolapse, neoplasia, persistent hymen

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18
Q

What is the most common test done when investigating vaginal disorders?

A

Cytology

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19
Q

What instrument is used to perform a vaginal exam?

A

Speculum

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20
Q

What typically happens in a juvenile vaginitis case?

A

Self-resolution without intervention

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21
Q

What are some causes of vaginitis in adult animals?

A

Urine/discharge pooling or vaginal stricture

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22
Q

What is the usual cause of vaginal hyperplasia/prolapse?

A

Estrogen

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23
Q

What is the most common ddx for a vaginal prolapse?

A

Neoplasia

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24
Q

What is the most common benign neoplasia of the vagina?

A

Leiomyoma

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25
Q

What is the most common malignant neoplasia of the vagina?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

26
Q

What is another common vaginal tumor we see? (hint hint almost all strays in St Kitts have it)

A

TVT

27
Q

What is the typical signalment of a dog with benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Older, intact male

28
Q

What is a common cause of unilateral prostatic enlargement?

A

Prostatic cysts

29
Q

T/F: Neutering young eliminates the risk for prostatic neoplasia.

A

False- neutering has no effect on development of prostatic neoplasia

30
Q

What exam do you always want to perform on male dogs?

A

Rectal

31
Q

What are some common clinical signs of prostatic disease?

A

Frequent urge to urinate/defecate, depression, pain, spondylosis (L7-S1)

32
Q

What is the typical presenting complaint of a dog with prostatic disease?

A

Anything from asymptomatic to LUTD signs, difficulty defecating or systemic illness

33
Q

What should you find on a normal prostatic exam?

A

Non-painful, symmetrical, “barbie butt”

34
Q

What findings on a prostatic exam would indicate a disease?

A

Asymmetry and/or pain

35
Q

What diagnostics can be useful in diagnosing prostatic disease?

A
  • Physical and rectal exam
  • Bloodwork and urinalysis
  • Imaging (US and rads)
  • Cytology w/ culture
  • Biopsy and histopath
36
Q

T/F: Prostatic hyperplasia is a normal aging change in castrated animals.

A

False- normal aging change in INTACT animals

37
Q

What is a common clinical finding in benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Tenesmus (difficulty defecating)

38
Q

T/F: Benign prostatic hyperplasia can predispose the animal to other prostatic diseases.

A

True

39
Q

Animals with acute prostatitis typically present how?

A

Systemically ill with significant pain

40
Q

What will an animal with acute prostatitis show on an urinalysis?

A

Evidence of a UTI

41
Q

T/F: All intact male dogs with UTIs will have prostatitis?

A

True

42
Q

What is the typical presentation of a dog with chronic prostatitis?

A

Asymptomatic

43
Q

If they do have clinical signs, what is typical of chronic prostatitis?

A

Recurrent UTIs or preputial discharge

44
Q

What is the typical findings of a prostate exam on a dog with chronic prostatitis?

A

Non-painful prostate with symmetrical enlargementt

45
Q

What is the best way to diagnose chronic prostatitis?

A

UA results combined with ultrasound and history/signalment

46
Q

What is the treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Castration

47
Q

What is the treatment for prostatic cysts?

A

Surgical removal or drainage

48
Q

Treatment of prostatitis is similar to treatment of what other condition?

A

Complicated UTI

49
Q

What kind of antibiotics penetrate well into the urinary tract?

A

Fluoroquinolones, doxy, trimepthoprim, rifampin, and erythromycin

50
Q

What is the most common prostatic neoplasia?

A

Carcinoma- still a relatively rare tumor though

51
Q

What is the presenting complaint with prostatic neoplasia?

A

Lameness and mass effect signs

52
Q

What are some common findings on the physical exam of a dog with prostatic neoplasia?

A

Painful gait in sacrum, palpable possibly asymmetical prostate (esp in neutered animals), enlarged sublumbar LN

53
Q

Where are common sites of metastasis for prostatic neoplasms?

A

LN, vertebrae, and lungs

54
Q

How do you treat prostatic carcinoma?

A

Chemo, radiation, urethral stents

55
Q

Is surgical resection recommended in prostatic carcinomas?

A

No- dogs will usually become incontinent after surgery

56
Q

What is the overall prognosis of prostatic neoplasms?

A

Poor

57
Q

What is the most common neoplasia of the lower urinary tract?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

58
Q

How are lower urinary tract neoplasias diagnosed?

A

Urine sediment/sytology
Imaging
Suction samples
Endoscopy/cystoscopy and biopsy

59
Q

What is the approximate survival time for an TCC treated with piroxicam?

A

~6 mo

60
Q

What is the approximate survival time for an TCC treated with piroxicam and mitoxantrone?

A

~12 mo

61
Q

Is surgery typically a good choice for TCC?

A

No- usually involves most of the bladder and near the trigone

SAM 2 (21 decks)

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