GI I

Question 1

mucosa

Answer 1

top layer of GI, has epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

Question 2

submucosa

Answer 2

loose or dense CT deep to mucosa containing blood and lymphatics

Question 3

muscularis externa

Answer 3

inner circular, outer longitudinal muscle

Question 4

adventitia

Answer 4

where organ attaches to CT

Question 5

serosa

Answer 5

where organ is covered with mesothelium

Question 6

epithelium of the esophagus

Answer 6

SSNKE

Question 7

GERD

Answer 7

gastroesophageal reflux disease (acid reflux)

Question 8

Barrett metaplasia

Answer 8

when SSNKE is replaced by columnar epithelial of the stomach because of acid reflux, prelude to carcinoma

Question 9

glands in the mucosa of the esophagus

Answer 9

rarely exsist, only present in cases of reflux

Question 10

submucosal esophageal glands

Answer 10

always present in submucosa of the esophagus, mixed seromucous glands with myoepithelial cells

Question 11

secretions of submucosal esophageal glands

Answer 11

lysozyme, EGF and other proteins

Question 12

locations of submucosal glands

Answer 12

esophagus and proximal small intestine

Question 13

squamocolumnar junction

Answer 13

conversion of SSNKE and simple columnar epithelium between esophagus and stomach

Question 14

cardiac stomach

Answer 14

produces mucus, short pits and short glands

Question 15

fundic stomach

Answer 15

produces acid and enzymes, short pits and long glands

Question 16

pyloric stomach

Answer 16

enteroendocrine cells, long pits and short glands

Question 17

gastrin

Answer 17

hormone that regulates/stimulates digestion by increasing gastric motility and secretion of HCl

Question 18

surface mucous cells

Answer 18

line the stomach, secrete protective mucus that prevents digestion of stomach wall

Question 19

gastritis

Answer 19

inflammation of the stomach

Question 20

gastric proper glands

Answer 20

glands of the fundic stomach, reach down to lamina propria

Question 21

parietal cells

Answer 21

found in fundic stomach, produce HCl and intrinsic factor, have intrinsic canaliculus

Question 22

intrinsic factor

Answer 22

binding protein essential for vitamin B12 absorption in small intestine

Question 23

treatments for heartburn

Answer 23

decrease acid production but also block intrinsic factor

Question 24

chief cells

Answer 24

deep in gastric glands, produce gastric enzymes, mostly pepsin, basophillic

Question 25

pepsin

Answer 25

secreted as pepsinogen, digestive enzymes

Question 26

enteroendocrine cells

Answer 26

in stomach and GI tract, neuroendocrine cells

Question 27

mucous neck cells

Answer 27

found in neck of gastric glands, protects the glands from acid