GI/GU

Question 1

How do you treat diastesis recti

Answer 1

with strengthening

Question 2

in what order do you provide manual massage for intestinal gas pain?

Answer 2

you start on the bottom right quadrant, then go up and across and then down. This goes through the ascending, transverse and descending colon

Question 3

where does liver pain refer

Answer 3

right shoulder

Question 4

where does the pancreas refer

Answer 4

the left shoulder

Question 5

kidney referes to

Answer 5

posterior thoracic wall, subcostal region.

Question 6

what should be avoided in people who have a hiatal hernia

Answer 6

supine

Valsalva maneuver

Question 7

with duodenal ulcers, when do you start experiencing pain

Answer 7

1-3 hour after eating

Question 8

what are some signs of bleeding in the GI system

Answer 8

coffee ground like vomit, Melena (dark/tarry stools)

Question 9

S&S gastritis

Answer 9

gastric pain and loss of appetite. No signs and symptoms of bleeding.

Question 10

what has left lower quadrant pain and what has right lower quadrant pain? choices are IBS and peptic ulcer

Answer 10

IBS is left quadrant pain.

Peptic ulcer is right quadrant pain.

Question 11

how do people with hyperbilirubinemia present and what is it.

Answer 11

jaundice or yellowing of the eye sclera and in more advanced cases
there is an increased excretion of bilirubin by the kidneys, so the urine is typically darker. this condition means there is more bilirubin in the blood, and less in the gut (because the liver is not pulling it out as much) so the stool will become lighter in color.

Question 12

how can you differentiate between jaundice from the liver and jaundice from extra hepatic causes

Answer 12

the color of the stool (light) would be hyperbilirubinemia and therefore extra-hepatic in origin.

Question 13

pronator drift is indicative of

Answer 13

UMN lesion

Question 14

what is Hoffman sign associated with (injury to where)

Answer 14

corticospinal tract

Question 15

what is Asterixis

Answer 15

liver flap, that is associated with liver disease. The flapping of the hands when they are further thrust into extension. sign of liver pathology.

Question 16

renal calculi will cause pain in which structure of the urinary system when it is causing a blockage?

Answer 16

the ureter. it will try to contract to unblock it.

Question 17

what is stress incontinence

Answer 17

release of urine when there is increase in intra-abdominal pressure, (cough, laugh, running) weakness in the muscles (pregnant, menopause, peudendal nerve damage.

Question 18

what is urge incontinence

Answer 18

hypersensitive bladder. The bladder thinks it is full, and a signal to pee is initiated, usually cannot make it to the restroom. The detruser muscle is hyper reflexive.

Question 19

what is overflow incontinence

Answer 19

bladder leaks because overfilled. May not void fully each time. obstruction, prostate too big, acontractile bladder (SCI, DM), neurogenic bladder (MS, supra sacral spinal lesions)

Question 20

functional incontinence

Answer 20

inability to unwillingness to use the restroom. Maybe an injury, impaired cognition, depression, ALZHEIMER’S, enviro barriers

Question 21

what muscles give active compression to the urethra which inevitably prevent incontinence

Answer 21

pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and puborectalis

Question 22

with cauna equina, since it is a complete lesion, how can you treat incontinence and bladder function

Answer 22

catheter. The bladder still has tone, but compliance is bad, so the catheter will help it not overflow.

Question 23

what is the normal number of times someone should urinate in a day, when should you refer out

Answer 23

6-8 is normal

refer out over 8

Question 24

Urinary continence in women is maintained primarily by…

Answer 24

urethral sphincter

Question 25

what are the 3 components of a bladder retraining program

Answer 25

patient education on urgency suppression strategies
voiding regimine
positive reinforcement by therapist. (voiding diary)

Question 26

what is a major cause of increased albumin in the blood

Answer 26

dehydration

Question 27

what is common after abdominal surgery

Answer 27

pulmonary and respiratory problems

Question 28

PT after abdominal surgery should focus on

Answer 28

gait and endurance training

increased Out of bed activities

Question 29

PT can not make recommendations on medications or dosage

Answer 29

true

Question 30

if there is blood in the vomit ,there is usually bleeding in the

Answer 30

esophagus

Question 31

if the vomit looks like coffee grounds, what can a possible diagnosis be

Answer 31

gastritis, gastric ulcer, esophagus cancer.

Question 32

what is the difference between red stools and dark/tarry stools

Answer 32

red, lower GI colon bleeding

dark and tarry upper GI tract bleeding

Question 33

differentiate between the types of Hepatitis

Answer 33

Hep A: HAV is from fecal oral route, with poor hygiene and poor hand washing for contaminated foods.
Hep B: associated with sex and oral sex because transmission of blood, body fluids, tissues. Need to make sure you clean needles, screen blood donors, things like that .
Hep C: from blood donors or from blood sharing (dirty needles)
Hep D: liver failure. usually if you have had Hep B.

Question 34

what are the differences between cholelithiasis and cholecystitis

Answer 34

Cholecystitis is when there is partial or complete blockage of the common bile duct.
Cholelithiasis is gallstones, that may block the common bile duct.

Question 35

greasy stools are indicative of

Answer 35

pancreatitis, chronic

Question 36

what is hoarseness of the voice usually associated with

Answer 36

GERD because of the acids on the vocal cords.

Question 37

Prilosec is a ___ kind of drug

Answer 37

PPI

Question 38

Zantac is what kind of drug

Answer 38

H2 blockers

Question 39

what is Steatorrhea

Answer 39

increased fat in the stool caused by malabsorption syndrome