GI Final

Question 0

Forestomach motility

Answer 0

Fn: 
Cont mixing & ⬇️particle size
Retain digesta for Flora
Env for flora digestion
Remove ferm gas

Question 1

RRO

Answer 1

~specialized esophagus

Dominated by extrinsic ANS

Question 2

Dense feed stuff/reswallowed bolus FATE

Answer 2

Eso➡️cr sac⏩reticulum ➡️ROO

Hardware disease: metal trap in honeycomb reticulum

Question 3

Light feed stuff FATE

Answer 3

Fiber mat float DORSAL SAC

Days of fermentation ➡️ make denser

Question 4

Ret-Rumen cycle:

Primary Contr cycle

Answer 4

1st contr= mix
2nd contr= evac ➡️dense food➡️ROO

✳️cr sac& pillar up ➡️ separation
✳️D.sac & Vsac Cr➡️Ca
✳️Vsac cr⬅️ca. Relax cr.pillar

Question 5

RR Cycle: secondary contr= Eructation reflex

Answer 5

Expel ferm gases

1.✳️Dsac ca➡️cr. Move gas fwd
Relax reticulum➡️ expose open cardia
✳️Vsac ca➡️cr ️Relax cr pillar
2. Same as #2 prim contr cycle

Question 6

Bloat

Answer 6

Foam ingesta➡️⛔️clear cardia

Tx: oils & detergents: ⬇️Ts of froth

Question 7

RR Cycle: rumination reflex

Interdigestive reflex

Answer 7

Fn: ⬇️dry matter
Reflex initiated b4 Prim Contr cycle

GMID
Regurgitation- extra ret contr, retch, ⏪peri wave eso
Remastication
Reinsalivation
Redeglutition

Question 8

Omasal Canal

Answer 8

During 2nd cont (prim cycle): relax o.canal: ⬇️P ➡️✳️open ROO: aspirate ret contents

Close ROO: ✳️contr canal ➡️food into o.leaves

Question 9

Omasum

Answer 9

Fn: abs electrolytes, VFA, H2O & ⬇️particle size

Distended om➡️ Periodically contr

Question 10

Control forestomach motility

Answer 10

Aff ➡️ medulla gastric centers➡️ PSNS Vagus N & SNS (not ENS)

Aff:
TensionR- full ret&rumen=⬆️cycle rate
Full Abom=⬇️cycle rate

ChemoR: pH & osm
⬇️pH ⬆️osm: ⬇️forestom cycling
Empty abom= ⬇️pH: ⬆️cycling

Question 11

Suckling reflex

Answer 11

Aff R: mouth & pharynx mechanoR+chemoR (NaCl NaHCO3)

Eff➡️ Vagus N PSNS:✳️groove

Question 12

Dev Ret-Rumen

Answer 12

⬆️age : ⬆️rumen dev

VFA: ⏫rumen papillae dev

2wk adj period when change diet➡️ change microflora

Question 13

Flora digestion PROS

Answer 13

All herbiv

Cellulose➡️VFA
Bacteria protein= ess AA (forgut ferm & cops)
Indep VitB & VitK: made by bacteria (FF& cops)

Question 14

Req Microbe digest

Answer 14

Site: forestom/LI
Type flora: facult anaerobes, aerobes, protozoa
Env: warm buffer fl & rapid abs (remove toxic endproducts) &delay motility

Question 15

CHO + microbes

Answer 15

VFA➡️APB. 80% ⚡️needs

In/soluble carbs substrates
Adapted flora: ⬆️digest
Product: 
hexose➡️pyruvate⏩
Ketogenic -ACoa➡️ acetate(60)/butryate(10) 
Glucogenic -OAA/lactate➡️ propionate(30)

Question 16

Protein + microbes

Answer 16

1) 70-80% catabol/resyn
NH3 + CHO➡️ bac.protein

Ferm bact = good BV protein

Sub NPN (urea), if CHO in diet

2) 20-30% protein bypass rumen

Question 17

Abs weak electrolytes

Answer 17

Products-
VFA: donate [H]. ⬇️pH ⬆️abs
NH3: accept [H]. ⬆️pH ⬆️abs

Diffusion abs ➰ pH (⬆️uncharged:⬆️abs)

~

Question 18

Lactic acidosis

Answer 18

Ferm soluble CHO⏩Excess lactate
⬇️lactate users: ⬆️lactate users

1. CHO overload
2. Sudden CHO change

Lactate> VFA acidity & poor abs
Intralum acid+hyperosm✳️damage epi
➡️inflam & sepsis

Question 19

Urea poisoning

Answer 19

Poor CHO + ⬆️NPN diet➡️ rumen alk + ⬆️NH3 abs

Low rate VFA prod
High alk saliva input

Tx: vinegar straws - ⬇️rumen pH ➡️⛔️NH3 conversion