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Physio > GI 5 > Flashcards

GI 5 Flashcards

0
Q

SI: electro & H2O abs at the Villi

A

Na-coupled w/nutrient 1:1
-Driven by electrochem grad, against conc grad

H-coup: Pept1 & PAT1
-driven by pH gradient: acidic surf & alk interior

Electroneutral NaCl abs: NaH & Cl:HCO3 coupling

Uncoup NaH & Cl:HCO3: adjusts lumen pH

  • Up JJ: ⬆️NaH=net [H] secr➡️ recover HCO3
  • ileum: ⬆️Cl:HCO3= alk il effluent➡️ buffers VFA
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1
Q

Most fl enter GIT is

A

Endogenous secr

Intestines recover 98% of fl.

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2
Q

Pept1

A

Main AA assimilation path

♻️ [H+] via NaH exchanger

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3
Q

Euvolemia

A

Dig& abs➡️PSNS: cAMP/Ca2+ ➡️
⛔️NaH & Cl:HCO3 exchange ➡️⛔️NaCl abs & ✳️NaCl&HCO3 secr for digestion

Bacterial enterotoxins ⬆️⬆️cAMP➡️secretory diarrhea

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4
Q

Hypovolemia

A

SNS➡️⛔️PSNS euvolemia➡️ ✳️rapid NaCl & H2O abs

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5
Q

LI: salt & H2O abs at surf epi

A

Prox LI: electroneut NaCl abs
-uncoup NaH➡️ ♻️[H] for VFA&Na abs

Dist LI: electrogenic Na abs

  • Na scavenging: ENaC (~DT) abs Na against conc grad ➡️ net [K] secr
  • reg by ALDO: ⬆️ENaC expression
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6
Q

Intestinal crypt secr: NaCl & H2O

A

Electrogenic Cl & HCO3 secr: LI &SI
⬆️Cl via NKCC1 & ⬆️HCO3 via NBC at BL mem

  • both use Na gradient
  • Cl:HCO3 secr via CFTR & Cl:HCO3 exchanger ➡️♻️Cl ➡️ ⬆️HCO3 secr

H2O (osm) & NaCl (eg) follow

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7
Q

PSNS & ENS ➡️

A

✳️crypt fl secr

⛔️fl abs at villi/surf epi

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8
Q

SNS &EEinterneurons

A

⛔️ENS➡️ ⬆️fl abs ⬇️fl secr

Antidiarrheals: alpha-Ach= also ⛔️motility➡️ infx
Syn opiates= segmentation & aboral prog

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9
Q

Mucosal BB enz

A

High Lactase➡️ digest milk

Low everything else⛔️ digestion of IgM

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10
Q

CHO Digestion

A

Efficient due to Monosacc digest on surf next➡️ Na-coup Hexose transport ➡️ Portal V

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11
Q

Protein dig & abs

A

Stomach (polypeptide AA)➡️ intestinal lumen protease (oligo AA)➡️ intestinal BB peptidase (di/tri peptides)➡️ NaH-coup AA transport

Complex 3D structure

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12
Q

Fat dig & abs

A

TG duodenum➡️✳️CCK➡️✳️pancr enz & GB contraction➡️ bile emulsify ➡️micelles ⬆️SA for lipase:✳️ hydrolyze ester bonds 1&3

Lipids passively diffuse at BB epi➡️ re-ester to TG➡️ chylomicra➡️ BL➡️ lacteals of villi

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13
Q

Irreversible injury to SI

A

Removal of bowel sect➡️✳️Remaining villi ⬆️length

Max x2
Req crypt stem cells
Nutrients presence

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14
Q

SI Resection

A

Jejunum: ⬇️dig/abs protein
Ileum: ⬇️fat abs (site of bile abs) & ⬇️Vitamin B12 abs

Modify protein & fat intake & VB inj

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15
Q

Colon Resection

A

⬇️VFA abs & ⬇️fl+electrolyte abs

Compensate:✳️⬆️cecum size in eq

16
Q

Intestinal Motility Pattern

A

ISSP

Ileus: dysautonomia ⛔️contraction
Spasm: ⛔️inhibition ➡️✳️⚪️smM contracted
Segmentation: normal ON&OFF➡️propulsive peristalsis
Peristalsis: main propulsive & MMC

17
Q

Peristalsis

A

Aboral to bolus: SLEEVING
Ach+VIP/NO/ATP➡️✳️Long M & ⛔️⚪️smM ➡️open lumen

Oral to bolus: default state
✳️⚪️smM & relaxed LongM➡️ closed
⛔️reflux

Pacemaker: SI-myogenic
LI-neurogenic

18
Q

ssp. LI Segmentation

A

Humans, horse, pig: haustra movements

  • taenia longit M
  • huastration ⚪️smM

Slows digesta but aboral progression occurs

19
Q

spp. Reverse peristalsis

A 
O: midcolon
Slows aboral flow
Midcolonic Pacemaker ✳️reverse peri & normal peri
Eq: pelvic flexure
⛔️dog
20
Q

spp Cecal retropulsion

A

Ruminants, rabbits, rodents:
Slows passage, adaptation of rev.peri ➡️ repel digesta into cecum

⛔️eq: strong cecocolic sphincter

21
Q

spp Cecal motility

A

Equine

22
Q

LI mass movment

A

✳️⚪️M contract cupola➡️digesta pass to colon

Gas ⬆️wall tension➡️CNS:✳️base cecum:gas➡️cupola distension➡️ lowers fl level: gas➡️ostium

23
Q

Mass mov ➡️colon

A

Mod peri mov➡️Prep defecation
CNS long reflex& peristalsis waves➡️try to fill rectum

Gastrocoloic reflex
Colonic filling
Colonic irritation

24
Q

Defecation reflex

A

Filled rectum sensed local & CNS➡️✳️ENS & PSNS long reflex

Invol: ✳️rectal peri & relax int sphincter

Vol: ✳️valsalva & relax ext sphincter (nAch Pudendal N)

25
Q

Rabbit Cecotrophy

A

Cecum 40% GI Vol
Enlarged Prox colon & haustra
Fusi coli sphincter ➡️ colonic retropulsion soft digestible matter➡️ moar fermentation

Hard day stools
Soft cecotrophs 8hrs later in rectum➡️✳️ licking
-rich VitaB & K & bacteria protein

26
Q

Avian digestion

A

Crop- storage ~prox stomach
Proventriculus- gl stomach
Ventric/gizzard- non gl stomach
⛔️JJ

Thin gizz M: peristalsis waves
Thick gizz M: grind & reflux ➡️provent
Reg provent peri➡️gizz & rev peri duodenum ➡️gizz

Colonic:
Constant rev peri ➡️paired ceca
⛔️rev peri➡️✳️defecation

Physio (9 decks)

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