GI Error List Flashcards
What is GERD
Results from decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone
Often associated with hiatal hernia
Sx of GERD
Heartburn, Often post-prandial Retrosternal chest pain Regurgitation Odynophagia Cough, Hoarsness
Dx of GERD
Clinical 1st Line is Endoscopy Gold Standard is 24 hour pH monitoring Barium swallow Monometry to measure LES pressure and tone
Tx of GERD
Lifestyle modifications is 1st
H2 receptor Antagonists (Ranitidine, Nizatidine, Famotidine)
PPI (Pantoprazole, Omperazole)
What is Diverticulitis
Inflamed diverticular secondary to obstruction/infection (Fecaliths) leads to distention
What is Diverticulosis
Uninflamed diverticular constipation and obseity
Sx of Diverticulitis
Fever, LLQ pain, N/V, Diarrhea, Constipation, Flatulence, and Bloating
Dx of Diverticulitis
CT scan
Increased WBC
Positive Guaiac
Don’t do colonoscopy until after acute flare because you may perforate the colon
Tx of Diverticulitis
Clear liquid diet, broad spectrum abx (Cipro + Metronidazole)
Tx for Diverticulosis
High Fiber Diet, Fiber Supplements
What is Hepatitis B and how is it spread
Viral infection of Liver
Spread via blood, sex, drugs
What do the following tell you: HBsAg HBsAb HBcAb (IgG/IgM) HBeAg HBeAb HBV DNA
HBsAg: First to appear, if positive for >6months it means chronic
HBsAb: Resolved infection or Vaccine Given
HBcAb: IgM (IMmediate) Acute infection. IgG Chronic infection or distant resolved
HBeAg: Viral replication and increased infectivity
HBeAb: Waning viral replication, decreased infectivity
HBV DNA: Active replication in liver
What is the tx for Hepatitis B
Acute: Supportive
Chronic: Alpha-Interferone 2b (Lamivudine, Adefovir)
Vaccines given at birth, 2 months, 6 months
What is Cirrhosis
Irreversible liver fibrosis with nodular regeneration
Secondary to chronic liver disease
Nodules cause increased portal pressure
What is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the US
Alcohol
