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Medicine phase 1 exams > GI embryology > Flashcards

GI embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the derivatives of the forgut?

A

Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, lower resp tract, duodenum (1st and 2nd parts), liver, billary tree and pancreas.

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2
Q

What is the order or regions in the embryonic tube?

A

Pharynx, esophageal, gastric and duodenal, liver.

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3
Q

How does the esophagus separate from the respiratory tract?

A

The tracheoesophageal septum divides the pharynx into esophagus and respiratory bud which will form the lungs.

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4
Q

What are the parts of the esophagus made of?

A

Upper 1/3rd has a striated muscle external layer.

Lower 1/3rd is smooth muscle.

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5
Q

From what does the upper 1/3rd of the esophagus develop?

A

The mesenchyme of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches.

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6
Q

From what does the lower 1/3rd of the esophagus develop?

A

The surrounding splachnic mesenchyme.

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7
Q

What is the innervation of the esophagus?

A

Vagus.

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8
Q

When does the stomach first begin to develop?

A

4th wk at which the tube dilates to form the primordial stomach.

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9
Q

How does the primordial stomach develop?

A

From the 4th to 6th week it broadens, this occurs faster on the dorsal surface forming the greater curvature.

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10
Q

Where does the stomach develop in?

A

The dorsal mesentry.

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11
Q

What occurs at week 5?

A

The stomach rotates by 90 degrees.

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12
Q

Where does the lesser sac form and why?

A

Posterior to the stomach due to rotation.

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13
Q

Why does the stomach rotate?

A

Because of its own growth and the growth of the liver.

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14
Q

From what does the liver and billary tree develop form?

A

The hepatic diverticulum of the forgut.

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15
Q

What occurs to the hepatic diverticulum as the gut grows?

A

The connection elongates and narrows into the bile duct.

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16
Q

What structures develop from the hepatic diverticulum?

A

Liver, gall bladder, bile duct and ventral pancreatic duct.

17
Q

Where does the hepatic diverticulum develop?

A

In the ventral mesentry.

18
Q

Where does the pancreas develop from?

A

It develops in 2 buds-
Ventral pancreatic bud from hepatic diverticulum
Dorsal pancreatic bud from endoderm of the duodenum.

19
Q

What occurs during pancreatic development to the two buds?

A

The ventral pancreatic duct rotates and fuses with the dorsal pancreatic duct. Superior mesenteric vessels get sandwiched between the two layers.

20
Q

From what is the spleen formed?

A

The spleen is formed from the dorsal mesogastrium not the gut tube.

21
Q

When does the spleen develop?

A

The 4th week due to condensation of the mesenchyme of the lesser sac.

22
Q

From what does the kidney and bladder develop?

A

The cloaca in the hind gut.

23
Q

What is the gut formed from?

A

The endoderm.

24
Q

What is the first stage of intestine formation?

A

Wk 5-6 rapid elongation of gut tube bellow stomach forming primary intestinal loop.

25
Q

What is the second stage of intestine formation?

A

Wk 6- Physiological herniation, gut tube herniates into extraembryonic cavity and rotates by 90 degrees.

26
Q

What is the third stage of intestine formation?

A

Wk 10- retraction, herniated midgut returns to abdo cavity.

27
Q

How much rotation is there of the intestinal loop?

A

270 degrees, 90 degrees in herniation and 270 in retraction.

28
Q

What part of the intestinal loop forms the small intestine?

A

The first part, the cephalic limb. It forms coils

29
Q

What part of the intestinal loop forms the large intestine?

A

The caudal limb. It does not form coils.

30
Q

Which organs of the gut are fixed (retroperitoneal)?

A

Duodenum, acending colon, decending colon and rectum.

31
Q

Which organs of the gut are mobile (in mesentry)?

A

Stomach, jejunum, ileum, appendix, transverse colon and sigmoid colon.

32
Q

How do organs become retroperitoneal?

A

There gut mesentry fuses with the abdominal wall becoming fixed.

33
Q

Where is the forgut?

A

From the oropharynx to the second part of the dueodenum where the billary tree connects.

34
Q

Where is the midgut?

A

From the second part of the dueodenum to 2/3rds of the way along the transverse colon.

35
Q

Where is the hindgut?

A

From 2/3rds of the way allong the dueodenum to the anal canal.

Medicine phase 1 exams (15 decks)

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