GI drugs summary Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of antacids?
Neutralise stomach acid
What are antacids used to treat?
GORD
Dyspepsia
What is a side effect of aluminium hydroxide?
Constipation
What is a side effect of magnesium hydroxide?
Diarrhoea
Example of proton pump inhibitor?
Omeprazole
Mechanism of action of PPI’s?
Inactive in neutral pH active in cannaliculus
Block available/active pumps
Preventing pumping of hydrogen ions
Examples of antacids?
Aluminium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
What are PPI’s used in the treatment of?
GORD
Peptic Ulcer
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrin secreting tumour of the pancreas)
H. pylori eradication
Treatment of H. Pylori
Omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin
(Metronidazole if allergic to penicillin)
NOT NSAIDs
Example of H2 receptor antagonist
Ranitidine
Mechanism of action of H2 receptor antagonists
Block action of histamine secreted from ECL’s
Decreased HCl production
What are H2 receptor antagonists used in the treatment of?
Dyspepsia
Peptic ulcers
GORD
Side effects of H2 receptor antagonists
Hypotension
Headache
Diarrhoea/ constipation
Side effects of PPI’s
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Headache
Examples of mucosal strengtheners?
Sucralfate
Bismuth chealate
Mechanism of action of mucosal strengtheners
Binds to positive charged ulcer base
Forms protective mucosal barrier
What are mucosal strengtheners used in the treatment of?
GORD
Ulcers
Side effects of mucosal strengtheners
Constipation
Examples of anti motility drugs
Loperamide
Codeine
Mechanism of action of anti motility drugs
Morphine like/ opiate based
Decrease peristalsis and segmentation leading to constipation
Cause sphincter constriction
Increased fluid absorption
What are anti motility drugs used in the treatment of?
Diarrhoea
Side effects of anti motility drugs
Drowsiness
Constipation
Urinary retention
Examples of 5-ASAs
Mesalazine
Sulfasaline
Mechanism of action of 5-ASA’s?
Anti-inflammatory drug
Derived from salicyloc acid and is thought to trap free radicals
