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pharm III exam 2 > GI drugs I > Flashcards

GI drugs I Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium Carbonate (Tums)

A

Acid-Neutralizing Agents

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2
Q

Magnesium hydroxide /Aluminum hydroxide (Maalox, Gaviscon, etc)

A

Acid-Neutralizing Agents

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3
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet®)

A

H2 Histamine Antagonists

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4
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac®)

A

H2 Histamine Antagonists

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5
Q

Nizatidine (Axid®)

A

H2 Histamine Antagonists

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6
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec®)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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7
Q

Esomeprazole (Nexium®)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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8
Q

Rabeprazole (Aciphex)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

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9
Q

List the three Cytoprotective Agents

A
  • Sucralfate (Carafate®)
  • Misoprostol (Cytotec®)
  • Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol®)
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10
Q

List the three Prokinetic Agents

A
  • Bethanechol (Urecholine®)
  • Metoclopramide (Reglan®)
  • Erythromycin
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11
Q

Glycopyrrolate (Robinul®)

A
  • muscarinic antagonists
  • Antispasmodics used for IBS
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12
Q

Dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

A
  • muscarinic antagonists
  • Antispasmodics used for IBS
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13
Q

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

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14
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
  • Serotonin Antagonists
  • Anti-Nausea; Anti-Emetic
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15
Q

List 4 Anti-Nausea; Anti-Emetic

A
  • Ondansetron (Zofran)
  • Promethazine (Phenergan)
  • Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
  • Dronabinol (Marinol)
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16
Q

Psyllium (Metamucil®)

A

Laxative

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17
Q

Senna (Senokot®)

A

laxative

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18
Q

Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia®)

A

laxative

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19
Q

Sodium phosphate and biphosphate (Fleet)

A

laxative

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20
Q

Lactulose (Chronolac®)

A

Laxative

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21
Q

Polyethylene glycol

A
  • (Colyte®; Miralax)
  • laxative
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22
Q

, Docusate sodium

A

Laxative

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23
Q

Lubiprostone

A

anti-constipation

24
Q

Loperamide (Imodium®)

A

opioid used as anti-diarrheals

25
Q

Diphenoxylate plus atropine (Lomotil®)

A

anti-diarrheals

26
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

A

anti-inflammatory

27
Q

Infliximab (Remicade)

A

anti-inflammatory

28
Q

MOA of antacids

A
  • neutralize acids by directly binding to HCl
29
Q

side effect of magnesium and aluminum

A
  • magnesium: diarrhea
  • aluminum: constipation

* often combined to cancel each other’s effect on GI motility out

30
Q

important to remember that antacids have what problem

A
  • drug interactions
    • ​affect absorption of drugs or form insoluble complexes
31
Q

Uses of antacids

A
  • heartburn
  • gastritis
  • temporary fix, adjuct to other drugs because effect is quick
32
Q

use of sodium bicarbonate as an antacid should be cautioned in people with

A

CHF

33
Q

list pathway of histamine causing gastric acid secretion

A
  1. histamine binds to H2 receptor on parietal cell
  2. activates cAMP dependent pathway
  3. stimulates H+K+ ATPase which releases H+ into gastric lumen
34
Q

MOA of H2 antagonist

A
  • decrease GI acid formation through H2 receptor blockade
  • Nocturnal acid reduced best
35
Q

List the H2 antagonists

A
  • Cimetidine
  • Ranitidine
  • Famotidine
  • Nizatidine

*OTC

36
Q

Unique side effects of Cimetidine

A
  • anti-testosterone effect
  • Gynecomastia, loss of libido, impotence with chronic, high dose use
37
Q

drug interaction with Cimetidine

A
  • inhibit CYP3A4..know this!
    • ​​inhibits metabolism of warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, digoxin

​​

38
Q

Uses of H2 antagonists

A
  • ulcers
  • adjuct for
    • GERD
    • short bowel syndrome
    • zollinger-ellison syndrome
39
Q

In severe allergic reaction, need to give along with H1 blocker

A
  • H2 blocker
    • vasodilation involves both H1 and H2
40
Q

What are the proton pump inhibitors common name

A

“Prazole”

  • ex: omeprazole
41
Q

MOA of proton pump inhibitors? effect lasts how long

A
  • irreversible block of acid formation in gastric parietal cell
  • long lasting effect: 24-48 hours
42
Q

when should proton pump inhibitors be taken

A
  • best to take on empty stomach 30 minutes prior to eating
43
Q

how long does it take for proton pump inhibitors to reach a max effect

A
  • can be given once a day, takes 2-5 days for maximum effect
44
Q

drug of choice for GERD

A
  • proton pump inhibitors
    • acute and maintenance
45
Q

side effects of proton pump inhibitors

A
  • nausea, diarrhea, colic
  • dec absorption of calcium -> osteoporosis (long term concern)
  • dec magnesium absorption: add Mg if muscle spasms
  • inc risk of PNA
46
Q

Omeprazole can have what drug interaction

A
  • inhibit CYP450
    • concern with warfarin
47
Q

When are PPIs used to treat ulcers? how long does it take to treat duodenal and gastric ulcer?

A
  • ulcers that haven’t responded to H2 antagonist
    • duodenal ulcer: 4 weeks
    • gastric ulcer: 8 weeks
48
Q

MOA of Sucralfate

A
  • provides a protective barrier in ulcer base
49
Q

side effects of Sucralfate

A
  • causes constipation (contains aluminum)
  • take on empty stomach
50
Q

MOA of Misoprostol

A
  • prostaglandin E1 analogue
  • prevent ulceration induced by NSAID
51
Q

contraindication of Misoprostol

A
  • PREGNANCY..know this
    • can induce abortion
52
Q

MOA and use of Metoclopramide

A
  • D2 antagonist: increases ACh release
  • use: post surgical patients -> antiemetic and causes diarrhea
53
Q

adverse effects of Metoclopramide

A
  • parkinson’s-like symptoms
  • methemoglobinemia in infants: do not use in pregnancy
54
Q

MOA and use: Bethanechol

A
  • muscarinic agonist
  • prokinetic agent -> diarrhea
55
Q

Use of Erythromycin as an prokinetic agent

A

diabetic gastroparesis

56
Q

Mainstay of treatment for IBS

A
  • tricyclic antidepressants
    • act as analgesic and antimuscarinic

pharm III exam 2 (10 decks)

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