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gastrointestinal > GI drugs > Flashcards

GI drugs Flashcards

1
Q

neurotransmitter for sympathetic system and what it does gi

A

noradrenaline and dopamine does inhibits peristalsis

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2
Q

neurotransmitter for parasympathetic system and what it does to gi

A

acetylcholine and it increases peristalsis and contractions

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3
Q

what do cholinergic drugs cause

A

spasm and diarrhoea

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4
Q

what do anti-cholinergic drugs do

A

dry mouth and constipation

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5
Q

what do dopaminergic drugs do

A

cause nausea as inhibit peristalsis

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6
Q

what do anti-dopaminergic drugs do

A

prokinetic and antimetic

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7
Q

drugs for constipation

A

bulk forming fibre
stimulant laxatives
osmotic laxatives
faecal softners eg arachis oil

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8
Q

drugs for diarrhoea

A

anti-motility

anti-cholinergic

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9
Q

drugs that cause constipation

A 
laxative abuse
opioids
anticholinergics (antispasmodics, antidepressants, neuroleptics)
ca channel blockers
diuretic dehydration
antiemetics 
all salts
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10
Q

triple therapy for GI

A

metronidazole
amoxicillin (or vancomycin)
gentamicin

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11
Q

what are pancreatic enzyme supplements

A

eg pancreatin

contain lipase, protease and amylase

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12
Q

omeprazole dosage

A

20mg once daily oral 4 weeks

or x2 for h.pylori

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13
Q

action of omeprazole

A

blocks final step in H+ ion secretion by the H+/K atpase

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14
Q

adverse reaction to omeprazole

A

diarrhoea

gi upset

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15
Q

3 antacids

A

al hydroxide
mg carbonate
ca carbonate

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16
Q

action of antacids

A

neutralise gastric acid

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17
Q

otc antacids

A

rennie settlers and tums

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18
Q

dosage antacids

A

10ml 3-4x

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19
Q

adverse antacids

A

mg=laxative
al=constipating
ca=hypercalcaemia

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20
Q

how do alginates work

A

form a raft at the top of the lower oesophageal sphincter

21
Q

what is cimetidine

A

h2 receptor antagonist

22
Q

what is cyclizine

A

anti-emetic

anti-histamine

23
Q

how does cimetidine work

A

blocks the h2 receptor on gastric parietal cell to prevent histamine binding and acid secretion

24
Q

dosage cimetidine

A

400mg 6hrl by mouth 4-8 weeks

25
Q

adverse cimetidine

A

diarrhoea and gi upset
confusion
drug interaction through cyp450

26
Q

what drugs does cimetidine inhibit 5

A 
warfarin
phenytoid
carbamazepine
valproate
theophylline
27
Q

first line h.pylori regime

A

lansoprazole 30mgx2 daily
amoxicillin 1gx2
clarithromycin 500mmg x2
all three for 1 week

28
Q

second line h.pylori regime

A

lansoprazole 30mgx2
clarithromycin 500mgx2
metronidazole 400mg x2

29
Q

third line h.pylori

A

14 days

  • lansoprazole
  • tripotassium dicitratobismuthate 120mg
  • amoxicillin
  • tetracycline 500mg x4
30
Q

name a mucosal protectant

A

sucralfate

31
Q

nsaid induced ulceration give….

A

misoprostol

pge analogue

32
Q

drugs that are anticholinergics and cause constipation and give examples

A

antidepressants-tricyclics
antispasmodics-mebeverine
neuroleptics

33
Q

bulk forming drugs

A

isphagula husk adds fibre

34
Q

anti-motility drugs examples

A

loperamide
opioids eg codeine
co-phenotrope (atropine)

35
Q

how does loperamide work

A

acts on the opioid receptors found in the muscle lining wall of the intestines to reduce peristalsis
diahrrhoea relief

36
Q

adverse loperamide

A

dizziness
constipation
sleepiness
vomiting

37
Q

what is co-phenotrope

A

diphenoxylate hydrochloride and
atropine sulfate
(blocks nerve signals and muscarinic receptor antagonist)
used for anti-motility

38
Q

adverse for co-phenotrope

A

dry mouth
constipation
drowsiness

39
Q

4 main anti-emetics

A 
phenothiazines
-prochlorperazine 
    dopamine antagonists
-metoclopramide
-domperidone 
      antihistamines
-cyclizine
       5ht3 antagonists
-ondansetron
40
Q

2 osmotic laxatives

A

lactulose and polythyelene glycol

41
Q

2 stimulant laxatives

A

senna and biscodyl

42
Q

adverse spironlactone

A

gynaecomastia
hyponatraemia
aki
hyperkalaemia : potassium sparing

43
Q

adverse furosemide

A

hypokalaemia
hyponatraemia
alkalosis
incontinence

44
Q

what is mesalazine and sulfasalzine

A

both 5-ASA aminosalicylates

45
Q

adverse 5-asa

A

haematopoiesis depressed
photosensitivity
azoospermia
hypersensitivity

46
Q

what is infliximab

A

blocks TNFalpha
severe active CD
iv infusion

47
Q

adverse infliximab

A

hypersensitivity

48
Q

what is choelsterylamine and ursodeoxycholic acid used for

A 
choelsterylamine= itchinees
ursodeoxycholic= pbc

gastrointestinal (26 decks)

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