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Pharmacology > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Apomorphine

A

-Synthetic Opioid
-Dopamine agonist
-Centrally-acting Emetic

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2
Q

Xylazine (Rompun, AnaSed)

A

-Centrally-acting emetic
-May induce emesis in cats
-Alpha-2 agonist
-Analgesic, sedative, muscle relaxant

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3
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

-Locally-acting emetic
-Given orally to induce emesis in dogs in 5-10 min
-Do not use in cats (can develop esophagitis and hemorrhagic gastritis)
-Dose is 2.2 ml/kg

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4
Q

Acepromazine

A

-Alpha blocker
-Tranquilizer (phenothiazine)
-Vasodilator
-Antiemetic

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5
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

-Phenothiazine tranquilizer
-Produce sedation and ally fear
-No analgesic properties
-Antiemetic
-Antipruritic

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6
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

-Phenothiazine tranquilizer
-Produce sedation and ally fear
-No analgesic properties
-Antiemetic
-Antipruritic

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7
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

-Cholinergic agent (direct-acting)
-Controls vomiting
-Promotes gastric tract emptying
-Incr gastric contraction, incr small intestine peristalsis, relaxes pyloric sphincter

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8
Q

Trimethobenzamide (Tigan)

A

-Antihistamine
-Antiemetic in dogs only for motion sickness/inner ear abnormalities

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9
Q

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

A

-Antihistamine
-Antiemetic for motion sickness/inner ear abnormalities

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10
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

-Antihistamine
-Antiemetic for motion sickness/inner ear abnormalities, allergic reactions

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11
Q

Meclizine (Antivert)

A

-Antihistamine
-Antiemetic for motion sickness/inner ear abnormalities

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12
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

-Seretonin receptor antagonist
-Antiemetic for severe vomiting (esp with chemo)

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13
Q

Dolasetron (Anzemet)

A

-Seretonin receptor antagonist
-Antiemetic for severe vomiting

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14
Q

Granisetron (Kytril)

A

-Seretonin receptor antagonist
-Antiemetic for severe vomiting (esp with chemo)

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15
Q

Maropitant citrate (Cerenia)

A

-NK-1 receptor antagonist
-Antiemetic

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16
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

-H2 receptor antagonist
-Decr hydrochloric acid secretions by inhibiting histamine in gastric cells
-Treats & prevents gastric, abomasal, duodenal ulcers
-Treats esophagitis, gastric reflux

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17
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

-H2 receptor antagonist
-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-Decr hydrochloric acid secretions by inhibiting histamine in gastric cells
-Treats & prevents gastric, abomasal, duodenal ulcers
-Treats esophagitis, gastric reflux
-More potent and longer duration of action than Cimetidine
-Prokinetic

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18
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

-H2 receptor antagonist
-Decr hydrochloric acid secretions by inhibiting histamine in gastric cells
-Treats & prevents gastric, abomasal, duodenal ulcers
-Treats esophagitis, gastric reflux
-More potent than Cimetidine

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19
Q

Nizatidine (Axid)

A

-H2 receptor antagonist
-Decr hydrochloric acid secretions by inhibiting histamine in gastric cells
-Treats & prevents gastric, abomasal, duodenal ulcers
-Treats esophagitis, gastric reflux
-Treats constipation and delayed gastric emptying

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20
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

-Proton pump inhibitor
-Decr acidity in stomach by binding to secretory surface of parietal cell to prevent secretion of enzyme Na-K-ATPase
-Treats GI ulcers, esophagitis
-Binds to proton pumps and stops acid formation by preventing hydrogens molecules from going to stomach

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21
Q

GastroGard

A

-Proton pump inhibitor
-Equine
-Decr acidity in stomach by binding to secretory surface of parietal cell to prevent secretion of enzyme Na-K-ATPase
-Treats GI ulcers, esophagitis

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22
Q

UlcerGard

A

-Proton pump inhibitor
-Equine
-Decr acidity in stomach by binding to secretory surface of parietal cell to prevent secretion of enzyme Na-K-ATPase
-Treats GI ulcers, esophagitis

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23
Q

Pantoprazole (Protonix)

A

-Proton pump inhibitor
-Decr acidity in stomach by binding to secretory surface of parietal cell to prevent secretion of enzyme Na-K-ATPase
-Treats GI ulcers, esophagitis

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24
Q

Aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel)

A

-Antacid
-Decr hydrochloric acid in stomach
-Treats gastric ulcers, rumen acidosis
-Can be a laxative
-Can be used in renal failure to bind to intestinal phosphorus to reduce hyperphosphatemia (but should not be given long term)

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25
Q

Aluminum carbonate (Basaljel)

A

-Antacid
-Decr hydrochloric acid in stomach
-Treats gastric ulcers, rumen acidosis
-Can be a laxative
-Can be used in renal failure to bind to intestinal phosphorus to reduce hyperphosphatemia (but should not be given long term)

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26
Q

Aluminum/Magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)

A

-Antacid
-Decr hydrochloric acid in stomach
-Treats gastric ulcers, rumen acidosis
-Can be a laxative
-Can be used in renal failure to bind to intestinal phosphorus to reduce hyperphosphatemia (but should not be given long term)

27
Q

Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia, Magnalax)

A

-Antacid
-Decr hydrochloric acid in stomach
-Treats gastric ulcers, rumen acidosis
-Can be a laxative
-Can be used in renal failure to bind to intestinal phosphorus to reduce hyperphosphatemia (but should not be given long term)

28
Q

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A

-Gastromucosal protectant
-Forms pastelike substance that binds to the surface of gastric ulcers (protects it and promotes healing)

29
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

-Prostoglandin E1 analogue
-Inhibits parietal cells from secreting hydrogen ions into stomach
-Protects gastric mucosa (incr mucus production & bicarbonate)
-Treats gastric ulcers associated with NSAID use

30
Q

Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)

A

-Synthetic Opioid
-Often combined with atropine
-Antidiarrheal (Incr segmental contractions, decr intestinal secretions, enhance intestinal absorption)
-Used in dogs & calves (use in cats & horses is controversial since it causes CNS stim)

31
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)

A

-Synthetic Opioid
-Antidiarrheal (Incr segmental contractions, decr intestinal secretions, enhance intestinal absorption)
-Used in dogs & cats since it poorly penetrates the CNS

32
Q

Paregoric/Kaolin/Pectin (Parepectolin)

A

-Synthetic Opioid
-Antidiarrheal (Incr segmental contractions, decr intestinal secretions, enhance intestinal absorption)
-Used in dogs & calves (use in cats & horses is controversial since it causes CNS stim)

33
Q

Hyoscyamine (Levsin)

A

-Anticholinergic
-Antidiarrheal (Decr intestinal motility & secretions)

34
Q

Isopropamide

A

-Anticholinergic
-Antidiarrheal (Decr intestinal motility & secretions)

35
Q

Propantheline (Pro-Banthine)

A

-Anticholinergic
-Antidiarrheal (Decr intestinal motility & secretions)

36
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate (Corrective Suspension, BismuKote, Bismusal, GastroCote, PeptoBismol)

A

-Protectant/Adsorbent (protect inflamed GI mucosa from further irritation)
-Coating, antibacterial, & anti-inflammatory effects
-Decr secretions by inhibiting prostoglandins
-Caution when using in cats

37
Q

Kaolin/Pectin (Kaopectolin)

A

-Protectant/Adsorbent (protect inflamed GI mucosa from further irritation)

38
Q

Activated Charcoal (Toxiban, CharcoAid, Liqui-Char)

A

-Protectant/Adsorbent (treats poisoning to prevent further GI absorption)

39
Q

Lactulose (Cephulac, Constulose, Enulose)

A

-Hyperosmotic laxative
-Contain magnesium/Phosphate anions that are poorly absorbed in the GI tract; these anions hold water osmotically, which softens stool and stimulated stretch receptors to stimulate peristalsis
-Also reduces blood ammonia levels in some hepatic diseases

40
Q

Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia, Carmilax, Bolets, Magnalax Bolus, Polyox II Bolus)

A

-Hyperosmotic laxative
-Contain magnesium/Phosphate anions that are poorly absorbed in the GI tract; these anions hold water osmotically, which softens stool and stimulated stretch receptors to stimulate peristalsis

41
Q

Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)

A

-Hyperosmotic laxative
-Contain magnesium/Phosphate anions that are poorly absorbed in the GI tract; these anions hold water osmotically, which softens stool and stimulated stretch receptors to stimulate peristalsis

42
Q

Metamucil

A

-Bulk-producing laxative
-Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis

43
Q

Equine Enteric Colloid

A

-Bulk-producing laxative
-Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis

44
Q

Equi-Phar Sweet Psyllium

A

-Bulk-producing laxative
-Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis

45
Q

SandClear

A

-Bulk-producing laxative
-Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis
-Treats sand Impaction in horses

46
Q

Bran/Bran Mash

A

-Bulk-producing laxative
-Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis
-For horses

47
Q

Vetasyl

A

-Bulk-producing laxative
-Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis
-For cats & dogs

48
Q

Mineral Oil

A

-Lubricant laxative
-Soften fecal mass to make it easier to move through GI tract
-Heavy mineral oil preferred over light mineral oil

49
Q

Petrolatum (Laxatone, Felilax, Cat Lax)

A

-Lubricant laxative
-Soften fecal mass to make it easier to move through GI tract
-Principal ingredient in feline hairball treatments

50
Q

Enemas (Disposable Enema, Pet-Enema, Docusate Sodium Enema, Veterinary Surfactant)

A

-Surfactant/Stool Softener
-Decr surface tension and allow water to penetrate GI tract to soften stool; may incr intestinal secretions

51
Q

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

-GI irritant laxative
-Irritates gut wall to stimulate peristalsis
-Effective in cats when given with fiber supplement for long-term constipation management

52
Q

Castor Oil

A

-GI irritant laxative
-Irritates gut wall to stimulate peristalsis

53
Q

Domperidone (Motilium, Equidone)

A

-Prokinetic
-Cholinergic agent (direct-acting)
-Dopaminergic agent
-Promotes gastric tract emptying
-Incr gastric contraction, incr small intestine peristalsis, relaxes pyloric sphincter

54
Q

Cisapride

A

-Serotonergic drug
-Prokinetic
-Stimulates motility of proximal & distal GI tract
-Not an effective antiemetic

55
Q

Erythromycin (Erythro)

A

-Prokinetic
-Stimulates motility in esophageal sphincter, stomach, & small intestine by mimicking effect of the hormone motilin

56
Q

Dexpanthenol (D-Panthenol, Ilopan)

A

-Direct cholinergic
-Prokinetic
-Treats post-op ileus and colic

57
Q

Neostigmine methylsulfate (Prostigmine)

A

-Cholinergic agent (indirect-acting)
-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-Prokinetic
-Treats GI atony

58
Q

Pancrelipase (Viokase-V, Pancrezyme)

A

-Contains pancreatic enzymes
-Aid in digestion of fats, protein, carbs
-Treats exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

59
Q

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

-Antibiotic & antiprotozoal
-Treats giardiasis, trichomoniasis, balantidiasis, lymphocytic/plasmacytic enteritis, ulcerative colitis, hepatic encephalopathy, anaerobic infections

60
Q

Azathioprine (Imuran)

A

-Antagonist antimetabolite
-Treats IBD
-Immunosuppressive, antiinflammatory

61
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

A

-Antibiotic
-Converted by intestinal bacteria to a sulfa drug and aspirin
-Antiinflammatory
-Treats colitis

62
Q

Olsalazine (Dipentum)

A

-Antiinflammatory
-Treats chronic colitis

63
Q

Antifoaming Agents (Bloat Guard, Bloat Treatment, Bloat-Pac, Therabloat)

A

-Treats frothy bloat in ruminants

64
Q

Probiotics (Flortiflora, Proviable, Probios, Bactaquin, Visbiome)

A

-Treats GI stress, diarrhea, IBD

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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