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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

-Increases heart contractility
-Slows HR (prolongs AV conduction time)
-Treats CHF, AFib, SVT

Side-effects:
-Anorexia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Arrhythmias

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2
Q

Epinephrine

A

-Adrenergic agent
-Stimulates all Adrenergic receptors
-Incr HR and cardiac output (esp post-CPA)
-Not for long-term use (once workload of heart and causes arrhythmias)
-Constricts blood vessels in skin
-Dilates bronchioles
-Incr metabolic rate

Side-effects:
-Tachycardia
-Hypertension
-Nervousness
-Cardiac arrhythmias
-Pulmonary edema

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3
Q

Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

A

-Adrenergic agent
-Pure beta stimulator
-Bronchodilator
-Treats atropine-resistant bradycardia

Side-effects:
-Tachycardia
-Hypertension
-Nervousness
-Cardiac arrhythmias
-Pulmonary edema

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4
Q

Dopamine

A

-Adrenergic agent
-Precursor of Epi and Norepi
-Treats shock and CHF
-Incr heart contractility & HR
-Incr renal perfusion, BP, & cardiac output

Side-effects:
-Tachycardia
-Hypertension
-Nervousness
-Cardiac arrhythmias
-Pulmonary edema
-Vomiting

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5
Q

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

A

-Adrenergic agent
-Beta-1 agonist
-Incr cardiac contractility without dilating vascular beds
-Does not once HR or arrhythmias
-Short-term tx of heart failure & DCM

Side-effects:
-Tachycardia
-Hypertension
-Nervousness
-Cardiac arrhythmias
-Pulmonary edema

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6
Q

Amrinone/Milrinone

A

-Positive inotropic agents

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7
Q

Pimobendan (Vetmedin)

A

-Positive inotropic agent
-Incr calcium sensitivity of cardiac myofilaments
-Produces balanced vasodilation
-Reduces cardiac preload & afterload
-Treat CHF, atrioventricular insufficiency, DCM

Side-effects:
-Anorexia
-Lethargy
-Diarrhea
-AFib

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8
Q

Quinidine

A

-Class 1A antiarrhythmic
-Treats AFib & ventricular arrhythmias

Side-effects:
-Anorexia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Weakness
-Laminitis (horses)

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9
Q

Procainamide (Pronestyl)

A

-Class 1A antiarrhythmic
-Treats VPCs, VTach, atrial tachycardia

Side-effects:
-Anorexia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Hypotension
-Tachycardia

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10
Q

Lidocaine

A

-Class 1B antiarrhythmic
-Controls VPCs and VTach
-Local anesthetic

Side-effects:
-Drowsiness
-Ataxia
-Tremors

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11
Q

Tocainide/Mexiletine

A

-Class 1B antiarrhythmic
-Long-term management of VPCs

Side-effects:
-Vomiting
-Ataxia

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12
Q

Propranolol

A

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Treats HCM, feline systemic hypertension, feline hyperthyroidism

Side-effects:
-Bradycardia
-Hypotension
-Worsening heart failure
-Lethargy
-Bronchospasm

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13
Q

Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Treats SVTs, VPCs, hypertension, cardiomyopathy

Side-effects:
-Bradycardia
-Lethargy
-Hypotension
-Syncope
-Heart failure

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14
Q

Carvedilol (Dilatrend)

A

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Improve cardiac efficiency

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15
Q

Esmolol (Brevibloc)

A

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Improve cardiac efficiency
-For short-term use

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16
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Improve cardiac efficiency
-Similar to propranolol

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17
Q

Bretylium (Bretylol)

A

-Class III antiarrhythmic
-May treat VFib if defibrillator not avail

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18
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

A

-Class III antiarrhythmic

19
Q

Sotalol (Betapace)

A

-Class III antiarrhythmic
-Similar to propranolol
-Long-term treatment of ventricular arrhythmias

20
Q

Verapamil hydrochloride

A

-Class IV antiarrhythmic
-Treats SVTs, atrial flutter, AFib

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Bradycardia
-Tachycardia
-Pulmonary edema
-Worsening CHF

21
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A

-Class IV antiarrhythmic
-Treats SVTs and hypertension, HCM

22
Q

Nifedipine (Adalat)

A

-Class IV antiarrhythmic
-Treat hypertension

23
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

A

-Class IV antiarrhythmic
-Decr afterload

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Bradycardia

24
Q

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

A

-Arterial vasodilator
-Reduces afterload associated with CHF

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Na & H2O retention
-Tachycardia

25
Q

Nitroglycerin ointment (Nitro-Bid)

A

-Venous vasodilator
-Reduces preload from blood pooling in peripheral vessels and decr venous return to the heart
-Improves cardiac output
-Decr pulmonary edema

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Rash at application site

26
Q

Prazosin (Minipress)

A

-Alpha-1 Adrenergic blocker
-Combined vasodilator
-Decr BP and periph vasoconstriction
-Does not activate renin-angiotensin system
-Adjunctive treatment in CHF, DCM, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Syncope
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea

27
Q

Nitroprusside

A

-Mixed vasodilator
-Short-term use in acute hypertension and acute pulmonary edema

28
Q

Enalapril (Enacard, Vasotec)

A

-ACE inhibitor
-Mixed vasodilator
-Can treat hypertension in CHF or HCM in cats

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Azotemia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Hyperkalemia

29
Q

Benazepril (Lotensin)

A

-ACE inhibitor
-Mixed vasodilator
-Can treat hypertension in CHF or HCM in cats

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Azotemia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Hyperkalemia

30
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

A

-ACE inhibitor
-Mixed vasodilator

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Azotemia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Hyperkalemia

31
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)

A

-ACE inhibitor
-Mixed vasodilator

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Azotemia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Hyperkalemia

32
Q

Ramipril (Vasotop, Altace)

A

-ACE inhibitor
-Mixed vasodilator

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Azotemia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Hyperkalemia

33
Q

Isosorbide (Isordil)

A

-Vasodilator

34
Q

Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan)

A

-Vasodilator

35
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra)

A

-Vasodilator
-Can treat pulmonary hypertension

36
Q

Tadalafil (Cialis)

A

-Vasodilator
-Can treat pulmonary hypertension

37
Q

Aspirin

A

-Decr pain, inflammation, fever, platelet aggregation
-Decr tendency for clot formation in heart work tx and congestive cardiomyopathy in cats

38
Q

Class 1A Antiarrhythmics

A

-Depress myocardial excitability, prolong refractory period, decr automaticity, incr conduction times

-Quinidine
-Procainamide

39
Q

Class 1B Antiarrhythmics

A

-Sodium channel blockers
(Stabilize myocardial cell membranes by blocking influx of Na into cell and preventing depolarization)

-Lidocaine
-Tocainamide
-Mexiletine

40
Q

Class II Antiarrhythmics

A

-Beta blockers (Parasympathomimetic in the heart)
-Decr HR, slows cardiac conduction, decr myocardial O2 demand, decr BP and cardiac output

-Propranolol
-Atenolol
-Esmolol
-Metoprolol
-Carvedilol

41
Q

Positive Inotropes

A

-Incr calcium ions avail in mycocardial cells by inhibiting Na-K-ATP
-Incr myocardial sensitivity to calcium
-Incr cardiac contractility

-Digoxin
-Pimobendan
-Amrinone
-Milrinone

42
Q

Class III Antiarrhythmics

A

-Potassium channel blockers
-May treat VFib

-Bretylium
-Amiodarone
-Sotalol (also a beta blocker)

43
Q

Class IV Antiarrhythmics

A

-Calcium channel blockers
(Depress contractile mechanism in myocardial/smooth muscle cells and depresse impulse transmission; Decr calcium availability relaxes smooth muscle, which causes vasodilation)
-Decr BP through vasodilation
-Incr cardiac output through decr afterload

-Verapamil
-Diltiazem
-Nifepidine
-Amlodipine

44
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

-Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
(Prevent production of angiotensin II and release of aldosterone, which prevents vasoconstriction and Na/H2O retention)
-Lowers BP
-Decr preload & afterload

-Enalapril
-Benazepril
-Lisinopril
-Captopril
-Ramipril

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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