GI Diseases

Question 1

What is gingivitis/periodontal disease

Answer 1

Reversible process that involves inflammation of the margins of the gums

Question 2

What causes periodontal disease?

Answer 2

Accumulation of tartar on the teeth causes bacterial multiplication

Question 3

What is periodontitis?

Answer 3

Irreversible condition that results in loss of gingival epithelial root attachment and alveolar bone resorption

Question 4

What are some clinical signs of periodontal disease?

Answer 4

Bad breath, pawing at mouth/head shyness, oral pain, facial swelling, tooth loss

Question 5

Hgow do you diagnose periodontal disease?

Answer 5

Complete oral exam +/- anesthesia, presence of tartar on teeth, inflammation, increase gingival pocketing

Question 6

How do you treat periodontal disease?

Answer 6

Dental scaling +/- extractions, root planning, antibiotics

Question 7

What is a salivary mucocele?

Answer 7

Accumulation of excessive amounts of saliva in the SQ tissue and consequent reaction that occurs

Question 8

What is the most common clinically recognized salivary gland disease in dogs?

Answer 8

Salivary mucocele

Question 9

What are the clinical signs for salivary mucocele?

Answer 9

Slowly enlarging, painless, fluid filled swelling on neck or under tongue
Difficulty swallowing/breathing
Reluctance to eat
Blood tinged saliva

Question 10

How do you diagnose a salivary mucocele?

Answer 10

Clinical signs
Aspiration of suspected mucocele

Question 11

How do you treat salivary mucocele?

Answer 11

Aspiration of fluid or surgical drainage
Removal of the gland

Question 12

what is immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 12

Accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lining of the small intestine, stomach, or large bowel

Question 13

What causes immune mediated inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 13

Disruption of the immunologic tolerance to normal bacterial flora or the small intestine

Question 14

What are the clinical signs of immune mediated inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 14

Chronic vomiting & diarrhea
Weight loss
Straining to defecate
Mucus in stool

Question 15

How do you diagnose immune mediated inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 15

R/O other causes of V/D
Endoscopy of stomach, small intestine, and colon with biopsies

Question 16

What is the treatment for immune mediated bowel disease?

Answer 16

Drug therapy
Hypoallergenic diet

Question 17

What are the clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 17

Usually nonspecific
Chronic, intermittent v/d
Listlessness & weight loss
Halitosis

Question 18

How do you treat IBD?

Answer 18

Oral steroids, antibiotics, intestinal protectants

Question 19

What is the ideal diet for a dog with IBD?

Answer 19

Low larva, low fat
Good quality protein

Question 20

What does GDV stand for?

Answer 20

Gastric dilatation/volvulus

Question 21

Which breeds are most prone to GDV?

Answer 21

Large & giant breed dogs
Deep chested dogs

Question 22

What is GDV?

Answer 22

Dilatation: stomach distends with air, food, fluid, or a combo
Volvulus: stomach twists along longitudinal axis

Question 23

What are the clinical signs of GDV?

Answer 23

Non reproductive retching (sounds like a frog)
Hypersalivation & nausea
Abdominal pain & distension
Increased HR/RR
Weakness/ collapse

Question 24

How do you diagnose GDV?

Answer 24

History and physical
Radiographs

Question 25

Why is GDV an emergency?

Answer 25

Enlarged stomach pushes on diaphragm causes dyspnea Can also push on vena cava causing shock

Question 26

How do you treat GDV?

Answer 26

Aggressive treatment of shock Alleviate distension: stomach tube Surgical correction: untwist stomach Antibiotics

Question 27

What is the procedure where you staple the stomach to the abdominal wall to help prevent GDV?

Answer 27

Gastropexy

Question 28

What are the nursing responsibilities of GDV patients?

Answer 28

Monitory ECG Pain management Antibiotics Drug therapy to control nausea and vomiting REINTRODUCE FOOD SLOWLY

Question 29

What are the types of diarrhea?

Answer 29

Acute: sudden onset, usually from diet change, drug therapy, or stress Parasitic: internal parasites Viral: parvovirus, distemper, coronavirus, feline panleukemia. Common in youn & unvaccinated animals Bacterial: damage to intestinal epithelium by bacterial colonization Dietary intolerance sensitivity

Question 30

What is intussusception?

Answer 30

Smaller, proximal segment of the intestine goes into the larger more distal segments

Question 31

What is the most common cause of intussusception?

Answer 31

Idiopathic

Question 32

How do you diagnose intussusception?

Answer 32

Abdominal palpation Abdo ultrasound Radiographs +/- contrast

Question 33

How do you treat intussusception?

Answer 33

Surgical Antibiotics GI rest

Question 34

What species is megacolon most common in?

Answer 34

Cats > dogs

Question 35

What is megacolon?

Answer 35

Distension of the colon as a results of obstipation

Question 36

Clinical signs of megacolon?

Answer 36

Straining to defecate Vomiting Anorexia/dehydration Weakness Small, hard feces or liquid feces

Question 37

How do you treat megacolon?

Answer 37

Stool softeners/GI stimulants Enema Increase fiber & water intake Deobstipation +/- anesthesia Surgical

Question 38

T/F true constipation is relatively common in dogs and cats

Answer 38

FALSE - relatively uncommon

Question 39

T/F leptospirosis is zoonotic

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

How is leptospirosis spread?

Answer 40

Shed in urine of infected animals. Companion animals are incidental host

Question 41

Clinical signs of leptospirosis

Answer 41

Acute renal failure Vomiting/dehydration Fever Jaundice Reluctance to move

Question 42

How do you diagnose leptospirosis?

Answer 42

Serology CBC/chem

Question 43

Treatment for leptospirosis?

Answer 43

Supportive care Antibiotics

Question 44

What is the most common hepatopathy in cats?

Answer 44

Feline hepatic lipidosis

Question 45

What usually causes feline hepatic lipidosis?

Answer 45

Idiopathic Prolonged anorexia causes peripheral fat breakdown. Liver cant process fats fast enough and accumulate within hepatocytes

Question 46

What are the clinical signs of feline hepatic lipidosis?

Answer 46

Anorexic obese cat with weight loss Depression Sporadic vomiting Icterus

Question 47

How do you treat feline hepatic lipidosis?

Answer 47

Nutritive support: feeding tube 10days-6weeks Drug therapy Monitoring weekly

Question 48

What are the clinical signs of portosystemic shunts?

Answer 48

Anorexia, depression, lethargy, episodic weakness, ataxia, circling, pacing, blindness, seizures Studented growth, failure to thrive

Question 49

How do you diagnose portosystemic shunts?

Answer 49

CBC/chem Radiographs - small liver Abdominal u/s

Question 50

What is pancreatitis?

Answer 50

Inflammation of pancreas - can be acute or chronic

Question 51

What type of animal is pancreatitis more common in?

Answer 51

Obses animals. Animals eating high fat foods