GI - Digestion & Absorption

Question 1

Three main nutrients

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

Question 2

Polysaccharides are down to?

Answer 2

di and tri-saccarides

By amylase

Question 3

Di and tri-saccharides are broken down to

Answer 3

monosaccharides

By brush border enzymes

Question 4

Brush border monosaccharides enzymes are

Answer 4

Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase

Question 5

Glucose + Glucose =

Answer 5

Maltose

Question 6

Glucose + Fructose =

Answer 6

Sucrose

Question 7

Glucose + Galactose =

Answer 7

Lactose

Question 8

How are glucose and galactose absorbed by

Answer 8

Secondary active transport

Co-transported with sodium ions

Question 9

How is fructose absorbed

Answer 9

facilitated diffusion (carrier-meditaed)

Question 10

The enzyme that breaks down protein?

Answer 10

Peptides are Pepsin

Question 11

Enzymes that break down peptides

Answer 11

To amino acids

Pancreatic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin)
Brush border enzymes (aminopeptidase)

Question 12

Lipids (triglycerides) are broken down to

Answer 12

monoglyceride + 2 fatty acids

by Lipases

Question 13

What speeds up the digestive process of lipids

Answer 13

Bile salts

Question 14

Short-chain fatty acids (less than 12 carbons) are absorbed by

Answer 14

diffusion

Question 15

Long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides combine with bile salts to form?

Answer 15

Micelles

Question 16

Bile salts are

Answer 16

Amphipathic

Question 17

One inside epithelial cells fatty acids and monoglycerides

Answer 17

reform into triglycerlides

Question 18

Triglycerides combine with? in the epithelial cells to form?

Answer 18

cholesterol and protein (apolipoproteins) to form

CHYLOMICRONS

Question 19

Amino acids and sugars drain from epithelial cells into

Answer 19

directly into blood

Question 20

Lipids drain from epithelial cells into

Answer 20

lacteal vessels