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Physiology > Autonomic Nervous System - Structure > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System - Structure Flashcards

1
Q

ANS Type of control

A

Reflex control of smooth and cardiac muscle

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2
Q

ANS regulation

A

Unconscious regulation of body’s internal environment

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3
Q

ANS operates through

A

reflex arcs

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4
Q

Components of reflex arcs

A

Input
Central Relay
Output

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5
Q

ANS Inputs

A

Thermoreceptors - Temperature
Nociceptor - Pain
Chemoreceptors - Chemical changes
Baroreceptors - Blood pressure

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6
Q

Input receptors can be found

A 
Heart
Blood vessels
Lungs
Kidneys
Gut
Bladder
Other
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7
Q

ANS Outputs

A

Autonomic Nerve Fibres

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8
Q

Two divisions of ANS are based on

A

Anatomical and physiological differences

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9
Q

Two divisions of ANS are

A
  1. Sympathetic Nervous System

2. Parasympathetic Nervous System

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10
Q

The sympathetic Nervous System is also known as

A

Thoracolumbar division

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11
Q

Nerves leave the SNS from

A

Thoracic T1-T12

Lumbar L1-L3

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12
Q

Sympathetic Trunk of Ganglia is also known as

A

Sympathetic Chain

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13
Q

PSN is also known as

A

Craniosacral division

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14
Q

PSN nerves leave from

A

Cranial Region

Sacral S1-S3

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15
Q

What is a dual innervation?

A

Input from SNS and PSN

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16
Q

SNS is energy

A

expending

17
Q

PSN is energy

A

conserving

18
Q

The balance between SNS and PSN is co-ordinated by

A

hypothalamus

19
Q

PSN dominates

A

at rest

20
Q

SNS become active when

A

energy expenditure is required

21
Q

Neurotransmitters of ANS

A

Acetylcholine

Noradrenaline

22
Q

Neurotransmitters of ANS bind to

A

post-ganglionic receptors neurons or on target organs

Same transmitter different actions

23
Q

SNS and PSN output is a

A

two-neurone output pathway

24
Q

ANS two neurones meet at the

A

autonomic ganglion

25
Q

Neuron 1 and 2 are called?

A

pre-ganglionic nerve fibre (1)

post-ganglionic nerve fibre (2)

26
Q

SNS - Pre-ganglionic nerve is

A

Short

27
Q

SNS - Post-ganglionic nerve fibre is

A

Long

28
Q

PSN - Pre-ganglionic nerve fibre is

A

Long

29
Q

PSN - Post-ganglionic nerve fibre is

A

short

30
Q

Anatomical differences SNS and PSN

A

SNS nerve fibres leave the spinal cord at the THORACOLUMBAR division of the ANS.

PSN nerve fibres leave the spinal cord at the CRANIOSACRAL division of the ANS.

SNS pre-ganglionic nerve fibre is short, and the post-ganglionic nerve fibre is long.

PSN pre-ganglionic nerve fibre is long, and the post-ganglionic nerve fibre is short.

31
Q

Physiological difference between SNS and PSN

A

Both use acetylcholine (ACh) at the ganglion

At target organ:
SNS uses Noradrenaline (NA) - except at sweat glands where ACh is used.
PSN uses ACh

32
Q

What action do SNS and PSN have on the heart

A

SNS - Increases heart rate

PSN - Decreases heart rate

33
Q

Adrenal Gland is situated

A

on top or near kidneys

34
Q

Role of Adrenal Medulla

A

Acts as a combination of the sympathetic ganglion and a gland.

Secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline into the circulation (blood)

The effect is prolonged and distant actions

Physiology (25 decks)

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