GI and GU Emergencies

Question 1

Which GI Bleed occurs more often often?

Answer 1

Upper GI bleed
(Six times more often)

Question 2

What is the significance Ligament of Treitz?

Answer 2

GI bleed reference location
Above Ligament Treitz—Upper GI Bleed
Below Ligament Treitz—Lower GI Bleed

Question 3

What are the most causes of upper GI Bleeds (ulcers)?

Answer 3

Helicobacter pylori (H-pylori)
NSAID use
Alcohol
Tobacco
Stress
Gastritis

Question 4

What is the most cause of Esophageal Varices?

Answer 4

Chronic alcoholism
Cirrhosis of the liver (portal veinous obstruction—CHF of the liver)

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of Esophageal Varicies?

Answer 5

Vomiting bright red blood
Bright red diarrhea
AMS-from hypovolemia
Syncope

Question 6

Esophageal varices treatment

Answer 6

Octreotide (sandostatin)
Decreases portal hypertension by reducing splenic and hepatic blood flow
Sengstaken Blakemore tube (Balloon tamponade)

Question 7

What causes Mallory-Weiss tears?

Answer 7

Chronic forceful vomiting
(Alcoholism, bulimia)

Question 8

What are Mallory -Weiss tears?

Answer 8

Longitudinal lacerations of the esophageal mucosa

Question 9

What are Boerhaave’s tears?

Answer 9

Complete transmural rupture of Lower esophagus

Question 10

What are signs and symptoms of Boerhaave’s tears?

Answer 10

Hamman’s sign
Subcutaneous emphysema

Question 11

What are some Common Lower GI bleeds?

Answer 11

Diverticulitis
Hernias
Adhesions
Inflammatory bowel disease
Foreign objects