ABG’s

Question 1

Normal range for pH

Answer 1

7.35 - 7.45

Question 2

Normal Range for CO2

Answer 2

35 - 45

Question 3

Normal HCO3

Answer 3

22 - 26

Question 4

Normal Base (Deficit/Excess)

Answer 4

-2 / 2

Question 5

Formula: Bicarbonate replacement

Answer 5

0.1 x (BE) x pt weight in kg = mL bicarbonate needed

Question 6

Normal PaO2

Answer 6

80 - 100

Question 7

PaO2 40 mmHg = _______ % SaO2

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

PaO2 50 mmHg = _______ % SaO2

Answer 8

80%

Question 9

PaO2 60 mmHg = _______ % SaO2

Answer 9

90%

Question 10

Causes:
Metabolic Alkalosis

pH > 7.45 Bicarb > 26

Answer 10

Vomiting, NG suctioning, diuretics, corticosteroids, antacid poisoning, Diamox.
H+, K+, Na+, Cl- loss

Question 11

Causes:
Metabolic Acidosis

pH < 7.35 Bicarb < 22

Answer 11

1 Lactic acidosis > 4

ketoacidosis, hyperthermia/fever, seizures, rhabdomyolysis

Question 12

Causes:
Respiratory Alkalosis

pH > 7.45 CO2 < 35

Answer 12

Alveolar hyperventilation, ASA poisoning, hyperthermia, hypermetabolic states, fever, anxiety, pain, pregnancy, high altitude.

Question 13

Causes:
Respiratory Acidosis

pH < 7.35 CO2 > 45

Answer 13

Failure to remove CO2
Any causes of breathing too slow

Question 14

pH and ETCO2 relationship
(Formula)

Answer 14

Every 10 mmHg change n ETCO2, pH will change 0.08 in the opposite direction.

Question 15

pH and HCO3 relationship
(Formula)

Answer 15

For every change of 0.15 in pH, expect HCO3 to change 10 mmol/L in SAME direction.

Question 16

pH and K+ relationship
(Formula)

Answer 16

For each change of 0.10 in pH, K+ will shift 0.6 opposite direction

Question 17

CO2 and K+ relationship
(Formula)

Answer 17

For each change of 0.10 in pH, K will shift 0.5 mEq in same direction