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Pediatrics > GI and GU > Flashcards

GI and GU Flashcards

1
Q

Difference children and adults:

  1. mouth
  2. Esophagus
  3. stomach capacity
  4. Intestines
  5. bilary system
  6. FLuid balance
A
  1. highly vascular and increased risk for infection in children
  2. regurgitation is common because esophageal sphincter isn’t fully developed
  3. holds 10 to 20 ml at new born
  4. not mature
  6. mor at risk for dehydration faster
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2
Q

when is maconium supposed to be passed

if it don’t occur what you do?

A

24 to 36 hrs.

assess for hirschsprung disease and hypothyroidism, meconium plug, and meconium ileus

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3
Q

who has increased risk for constipation? formula or breast fed
what you do?

A

formula

give plum, pair, or prune juice

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4
Q

Lab test for gi and GU

A

CBC, Electrolyte, LFT, hepatitis panel, barium enema, abdominal xray, stool cultures, CT, C reactive protein

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5
Q

Pancreatitis

  1. What is it?
  2. what can cause this
  3. what does this affect
  4. treatment
A
  1. inflammation of the pancreas
  2. trauma, drugs, alcohol, diseases, infections, obstruction of biliary system
  4. manage pain, insulin, treat underlying causes
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6
Q

cholelithiasis

  1. what is this
  2. associated with?
  3. affects what
  4. diagnosed
  5. treatment
A
  1. stones in gallbladder
  2. hyperlipidemia, obesity, pregnancy and birth control use
  3. affects absorption : patients feel pain after eating, diarrhea and vomitting
  4. diagnosed through Imaging MRI,
  5. remove gall stones, teach about inability to digest fats properly, educate adolescents that this can be affected by birth control use
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7
Q

Constipation

  1. management
  2. nursing consideration
A
  2. assess history of bowel movement, diet, medication.
    educate to obey urge to poop,
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8
Q

Omphalocele

  1. what is it
  2. treatment
A
  1. opening where the child’s intestine are exterior due to an opening in abdomen
  2. sometime close on their own but can need surgery
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9
Q

Gasreoschisis

  1. what makes it different from omphalocele
  2. treatment
A
  1. the GI is external but with out a sac in gastroschisis

2. IV, Surgical correction

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10
Q

Inguinal hernia vs umbilical hernia

  1. treatment
  2. when would this become emergency
A

Umbilical is a bulge in the abdomen, inguinal is a bulg in the groin area

  1. surgical
  2. ischemia, surgery immediately
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11
Q

Hirschsprung disease

  1. what is this
  2. diagnosed through
  3. treatment
  4. nursing consideration
A
  1. absence of ganglion cells causing decrease motility in gi
  2. new born not passing stool within 24 to 48 hrs, barium enema
  3. ostomy and surgery
  4. Pre op care: NPO, pain management, TPN, monitor Vitals and electrolytes
    Post op: pain management, education
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12
Q

GER

  1. what is it
  2. treatment
  3. nursing consideration
A
  1. regurgitation of gastric acid to esophagus
  2. anticaids (pepcid, xantax, PPI -zols)
  3. educate how medication is used (take antacids 30 min before eating), small frequent meals,
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13
Q

IBS

  1. what is it related to
  2. nursing consideration and treatment
A
  1. related to abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation

2. management of pain and symptoms

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14
Q

Diarrhea

treatment

A
  1. manage symptoms and prevent and manage dehydration.
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15
Q

pyloric stenosis

  1. what is this
  2. preop care
  3. post op
A
  1. obstruction of passageway from stomach to duodenum
  2. suction to prevent vomiting, small frequent feedings, upright position, quiet environment
  3. assess incision site, provide fluids, small frequent feedings, pain management
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16
Q

esophageal atresia

  1. what is it
  2. manifestation
  3. treatment
  4. pre op managemnet
  5. post op
A
  1. malformation where esophagus dont meet stomach
  2. excessive saliva, stomach distention, choking, coughing, cyanosis
  3. surgery
  4. position to prevent aspiration, NG tube to remove drainage
  5. prevent aspiration, observe inflammation, and TPN until tolerate oral feeding
17
Q

PICA

1. what is it

A
  1. ingestion of foreign substance
18
Q

appendicitis

  1. where located
  2. treatment
A
  1. right lower quadrant

2. surgery and prevent rupture, IV before and after, antibiotic pain medication,

19
Q

Diverticulum

  1. what is this
  2. most common sign
A
  1. outpouching of intestine

2. bleeding, anemia, colicky, abdominal pain, rebound tenderness,

20
Q

IBD
1. what are most common
signs and symptoms

A
  1. Ulcerative colitis (inflammation on inner lining colon) , and chrones
  2. fever, weight loss, delayed sexual development
21
Q

Ulcerative colitis

  1. what is this
  2. manifestations
  3. diagnosed through
  4. treatment
A
  1. swollen inner lining of colon with ulcer
  2. cramping belly pain, blood in stool, urgent need to poop, weight loss, rash, liver disease, growth delayed
  3. endoscopy
  4. antiinflammatory drugs, surgery
22
Q

Crohn disease

  1. what is this
  2. manifestation
A
  1. makes parts of intestine to have redness and swelling, can happen at any part of intestinal tract
  2. blood in stool, belly pain, diarrhea, N/V , low energy, weight loss
23
Q
  1. most common cause of peptic ulcer
  2. manifestation
  3. location
  4. nursing consideration
A
  1. H pylori, NSAids,
  2. loss of apatite, burning belly pain, hiccups, weight loss, blood in vomit
  3. upper GI
  4. educate about limiting alcohol, tea, NSAIDs, caffeine, sodas, fried foods,
24
Q

intussuception

  1. what is this
  2. tell tale signs
  3. nursing care
A
  1. the telescoping of segements
  2. sudden episodic abdominal pain ( screaming, drawing knees), red current jelly stools ( stool mixed with blood)
  3. administer IV and NG tube.
25
Q

celiac disease

1. what is diet like

A
  1. gluten free diet, cant eat flour, corn, rice, kinwa, potato.
26
Q

short bowel syndrome

1. therapeutic techniques

A
  1. surgery, PTN, healthy diet, nutritional supplements,
27
Q

edge state liver disease

A

cirrhosis

28
Q

thrush is aka

manifestation

A

oral candidiasis

white patchy inside the mouth

29
Q

what nipple used to feed cleft pallet and cleft lip

A

Haberman nipple

30
Q
  1. curvature of penis
  2. bladder, urethra, are exposed
  3. urethral opening below glans penis
  4. urethral opening dorsal side of penis
  5. phimosis, what to know
  6. cryptochidism
  7. testicular torsion
  8. ambiguous genitalia
A
  1. chordee (surgery)
  2. bladder exstrophy (cover exposed bladder with sterril non adherent dressing, prep for emergency)
  3. hypospadias
  4. epispadias
  5. cant retract fore skin, focus on hygiene
  6. cant feel scrotum and testes aren’t descended
  7. a medical emergency, an acute testicular pain that radiates to groin area. surgery immediately
  8. can’t see if male or female
31
Q
  1. acute glomerulonephritis

2. hemolytic uremic syndrome

A
  1. injury to glomeruli affecting function of kidneys

2. damage to kidneys related to infection from ecoli (bloody diarrhea)

32
Q

UTI

1. most common in

A
  1. infants and young children in males during infancy.

2. treated through oral and iv antibiotics, culture first before administer.

33
Q

Enuresis

1. what is this

A
  1. urine involuntary discharge
34
Q
  1. what to do about epididymitis

2. testicular torsion, what to do

A
  1. get rid of bacterial infection

2. immediate medical attention

35
Q

nurse role for electrolyte balance

A
  1. monitor VS, assess urine specific gravity, I and O, signs for hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia,

Pediatrics (15 decks)

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