GI and Endoscopy

Question 1

Liver

where does it recieve nutrients from?

what are the functions? (3)

What is the surface anatomy? (location, protected by)

what are these lobes:

Answer 1

largest organ in body

Receives nutrients absorbed from GI tract

Functions involve; • Glycogen storage

• Bile secretion
• Other metabolic functions

Surface Anatomy • Located mainly in RUQ

• Protected by Ribs 7-11
• Location changes in breathing

Question 2

Stomach

what does the stomach do?

name the labelled parts:

Answer 2

The stomach functions to breakdown food of gastric secretions to produce chyme.

Question 3

The abdominal organs are described in 3 parts: (according to embryological origin)

Answer 3

Foregut

• Oesophagus to mid-duodenum
• Liver + gall bladder
• Spleen
• ½ of pancreas

Midgut

• Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of Transverse colon
• ½ of pancreas

Hindgut

• Distal 1/3rd of Transverse colon to Proximal ½ of Anal canal

Question 4

What is the Anatomy of swallowing?

Answer 4

1. Close lips to prevent drooling (orbicularis oris & cranial nerve VII)
2. Tongue (cranial nerve XII) pushes bolus posteriorly towards oropharynx
3. Contract pharyngeal constrictor muscles (cranial nerve X) to push bolus inferiorly towards the oesophagus
4. At the same time the inner longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles (cranial nerves IX & X) contracts to raise the larynx, shortening the pharynx and closing off the laryngeal inlet to help prevent aspiration
5. The bolus reaches the oesophagus

Question 5

What does ERCP stand for?

Answer 5

ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography)

Question 6

What nerves fibres carries the sensory and motor parts of the gag reflex.

Answer 6

The sensory part: carried by nerve fibres within CN IX

• The motor part: carried by nerve fibres within CN IX and CN X

Question 7

Lable the spinal cord.

Answer 7

Question 8

Label the cranial nerves on the brain.

Answer 8