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GI Block > GI Anatomy & Embryology > Flashcards

GI Anatomy & Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of the obliques from outside to inside?

A

external, internal, transversus abdominis

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2
Q

What muscles are enclosed in the rectus sheath?

A

rectus abdominis, pyramidalis

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3
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

The bottom of the external obliques that runs from ASIS to pubic tubercle

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4
Q

What muscles make up the posterior abdominal wall? (6)

A

diaphragm, psoas major/minor, quadratus lumborum, iliacus, transversus abdominis

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5
Q

Where does the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis change from over to under the rectus abdominis?

A

arcuate line

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6
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

the remnant of the umbilical vein

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7
Q

What holds the liver to the abdominal wall?

A

the Falciform ligament

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8
Q

Where do the superior and inferior epigastric arteries originate?

A

internal thoracic (superior) and femoral (inferior)

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9
Q

Where is a direct hernia?

A

Through the abdominal wall

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10
Q

Where is an indirect hernia?

A

in the spermatic cord

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11
Q

What do the dorsal and ventral mesenteries form?

A

Dorsal: mesentery
Ventral: liver

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12
Q

What causes duodenal atresia?

A

failure of recanalization

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13
Q

What is an umbilical hernia?

A

henia of intestines through imperfectly closed umbilicus, covered by skin

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14
Q

What is omphalocele?

A

persistence of herniated intestines, covered by peritoneum

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15
Q

What is gastroschisis?

A

unclosed abdominal wall allowing intestines to herniate, not covered

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16
Q

What is the most common congenital GI tract anomaly?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

17
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

A remnant of the vitelline duct ni the distal small intestine (2 in long, 2 ft from ileocecal)

18
Q

What is Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

absence of innervation in distal GI tract wall

19
Q

How does the pancreas develop?

A

buds in the ventral and dorsal mesenteries rotate and fuse

20
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs? (9)

A 
stomach
duodemum (proximal)
liver
pancreas (tail) 
spleen
jejunum
ileum
transverse colon
sigmoid colon
21
Q

What are the retroperitoneal GI organs? (6)

A 
esophagus
duodenum (distal)
pancreas
ascending colon
descending colon
rectum
22
Q

What are the parts of the lesser omentum?

A

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

23
Q

Where is the omental bursa?

A

behind the stomach, liver, and lesser omentum

24
Q

What are the boundaries of the omental foramen?

A

caudate lobe, duodenum, hepatoduodenal ligament, IVC

25
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

portal vein, common bile duct, proper hepatic artery

26
Q

What vessels supple the foregut, midgut, and hindgut?

A

celiac trunk
SMA
IMA

27
Q

What are the branches of the celiac trunk?

A 
common hepatic (right)
splenic (left)
left gastric (up)
28
Q

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

A 
proper hepatic (up)
gastroduodenal (down)
right gastric (left)
29
Q

What does the splenic artery vascularize?

A

spleen, pancreas (body), greater curvature (left epiploic)

30
Q

What are three sites of portal-systemic anastomoses?

A

left gastric -esophageal
paraumbilical-abdominal wall
superior rectal-middle/inferior rectal

31
Q

Where does the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct enter the duodenum?

A

major papilla or sphincter of Oddi

32
Q

What makes up the “nutcracker”

A

aorta and SMA, renal vein and duodenum inside

33
Q

Sphincters are a thickening of which layer?

A

muscularis externa

34
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to the midgut?

A

vagus

35
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut?

A

vagus

36
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

A

S2-S4

37
Q

Where does mucosa transition to skin at the anus?

A

pectinate line

38
Q

What holds the liver to the diaphragm?

A

coronary and triangular ligaments

GI Block (5 decks)

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