GI Flashcards
What was the prognostic value of post-operative L-lactatemia compared to preop LAC and HR for dairy cows with RDA/AV?
In conclusion, this study shows that postoperative L‐lactate measurements can be used to predict NO in dairy cows with RDA/AV.
LAC1 > 1.4 mmol/L or LAC2 > 2.2 mmol/L had the same accuracy with sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 75.1–100%) and specificity of 80% (95% CI, 61.4–92.3%) for predicting NO.
10.1111/jvim.12490
What are some risk factors for equine gastric glandular disease?
Risk factors identified in this study suggest that Warmbloods are predisposed to EGGD and that the horse having multiple handlers or riders could increase the risk of EGGD. This is the first pilot study focusing on risk factors for EGGD and the study design could be used for bigger populations of horses in search of generalization of these results.
10.1111/jvim.14370
What are the criteria for SIRS in horses?
Criteria used for adult horses in similar clinical studies and included 2 or more of the following: temperature ≥101.5°F or ≤98.5°F; heart rate ≥60 bpm; respiratory rate ≥30 bpm; white blood cell count ≥14,500 cells/μL or ≤4,500 cells/μL, and/or ≥10% bands.
10.1111/jvim.14321
What are common organ systems affected by MODS, that were evaluated in horses, and what are some variables for each category?
Cardiovascular - cardiac troponin 1, delta cardiac troponin 1, stroke volume index, standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals
Renal - creatinine, delta creatinine
Hepatic - serum bile acids
Musculoskeletal - creatine kinase, laminitis
Respiratory - Pa/FIO2, resp rate/effort
Hematostatic - coagulation time, prothrombin time
GI - net NG reflux, abdominal distension
Attitude - modified behavior score
10.1111/jvim.14321
Duodenitis-proximal jejunitis in horses has varying clinical signs and subsequent complications. What are these?
Depression, colic, ileus, endotoxemia, extensive nasogastric reflux.
Complications that can occur are cardia arrhthymias, increased serum activity of liver-derived enzymes, and laminitis.
10.1111/jvim.14624
What are some suspected etiologies of duodenitis-proximal jejunitis in horses?
Clostridia, Salmonella, mycotoxins, ischemia assoc. with NSAID toxicity
10.1111/jvim.14624
What are some toxins of Clostridia and how do they cause clinical signs?
TcdA, TcdB, and binary toxin (CDT)
These affect the motility of the SI. There is significant muscle excitation-contraction coupling alterations in smooth muscle, then approx. 18 hours later, ileus sets in.
10.1111/jvim.14624
How does famotidine work?
This drug is a H2RA. It competitively inhibits histamine binding on the basolateral membrane of the parietal cells and decreases stimulation of the H+/K+ ATPase on the luminal surface of the cell, decreasing acid secretion.
10.1111/jvim.15080
How does a 0.4 mg/kg IV dose of famotidine do on the pH of the abomasum in the bovid?
Results indicate that famotidine administered at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg IV is effective at increasing the abomasal outflow fluid pH of adult cattle for up to 4 hours after a single dose compared with saline control. When administered every 8 hours, as is typically done for clinical treatment,11 famotidine increased the pH of the abomasal outflow fluid, but the effect decreased with additional doses.
10.1111/jvim.15080
Fecal shedding of Listeria monocytogenes was assoc with risk factors?
Fecal shedding of LM is associated with the meteorological season (March, April, May) and environmental temperatures (cold), which is consistent with the biology of LM.
10.1111/jvim.15234
Describe clinical presentation, clinical signs, biochem abn. and bacterial species assoc with abomasitis in calves.
Median age - 3 days
Duration of clinical course - <24 hrs
C/s - anorexia and positive succession
Bloodwork abn. - Hyperlactatemia, increased GGT
Clostridial and E. coli most frequently cultured
10.1111/jvim.15726
What are the effects of transportation on the gastric pH of horses?
Transportation of 12 hours without feeding may contribute to the development of ESGD because travel induced or exacerbated ulceration of the squamous mucosa in the majority of horses and was associated with a significant increase in squamous ulcer scores, particularly in horses fasted for 12 hours before transportation.
Unexpectedly, gastric ulceration was associated with increased pH of GF during transportation, consequently the administration of proton pump inhibitors or histamine receptor antagonists to horses before transportation cannot be supported based on our findings.
10.1111/jvim.15698
