Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Emergency Med > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice in a Mallory Weiss tear? Findings?

A

Upper endoscopy: SF longitudinal mucosal erosions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the MCC of esophageal varices in adults?

A

Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the MCC of esophageal varices in children?

A

Portal vein thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Upper endoscopy findings in esophageal varices

A

“red whale” markings & cherry red spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the TOC in esophageal varices?

A

Endoscopic ligation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pharmacologic DOC in acute esophageal varices bleeding?

A

Ocreotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pharmacologic DOC in prophylaxis to prevent esophageal varices bleeding?

A

Propronalol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the MCC of gastritis? 2nd MCC?

A
  1. H. Pylori

2. NSAIDs/ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gastritis tx if H. pylori positive?

A

CAP= Clarithromycin + Amoxcillin + PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What diagnostic test is MCly used first in the evaluation of GERD?

A

Endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Gold Standard evaluation of GERD?

A

24h ambulatory pH monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the complications of GERD?

A
  1. Esophagitis
  2. Barrets Esophagus
  3. Esophageal adenocarcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GERD tx

A
  1. Antacids: Maalox, Mylanta
  2. H2 blockers: Ranitidine
  3. PPI’s: omeprazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the MCC of upper GI bleed?

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the MC sx in PUD?

A

Dyspepsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When should you suspect GI malignancy in PUD? Which malignancies?

A

Nonhealing Gastric Ulcer

  1. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES): Gastrin producing tumor
  2. Gastric CA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

H. pylori eradication tx in PUD?

A

CAP= Clarithromycin + Amoxcillin + PPI (same as gastritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

GI protective meds in the tx of PUD?

A
  1. Sucralfate

2. Misoprostol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 main si/sx’s of bowel obstruction?

A
  1. Cramping Abdominal Pain
  2. Vomiting
  3. Abdominal distentin
  4. Obstipation= absence of stool/flatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the MCC of bowel obstruction? 2nd MCC?

A
  1. Post-surgical adhesions

2. Incarcerated hernias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment in Nonstrangulated bowel obstruction?

A

NPO (bowel rest) + IV fluids + Bowel decompression=NG tube suction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment in strangulated bowel obstruction?

A

Surgical intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 MCC of ischemic colitis?

A
  1. Hypotension

2. Atherosclerosis: Superior and mesenteric arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ischemic colitis si/sx’s?

A

LLQ. Pain + Bloody diarrhea (d/t sloughing of the colon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Diagnosis of choice in ischemic colitis?
Colonoscopy
26
What dietary recommendation can you make to pt's with hemorrhoids?
High-fiber diet
27
Ischemic colitis si/sx's.
1. Crampy LLQ pain 2. Red/maroon colored stool 3. Urgency w/ BM 4. Nausea 5. Diarrhea
28
List the causes for ischemic colitis
1. Atherosclerosis 2. Blood clot 3. Hypotension
29
Diagnostic test of choice in evaluating ischemic colitis? Findings?
Colonoscopy: Segmental ischemic changes in areas of low perfusion-->splenic flexure*
30
Ischemic colitis tx
Restore perfusion
31
Diverticulitis si/sx's
1. LLQ Pain 2. Fever* 3. Abd distention 4. Rectal bleeding 5. +/- bowel changes
32
Diverticulitis diagnostic TOC
CT abd/pelvis WITH contrast
33
Diverticulitis tx
1. Cipro + Flagyl x7-10 days 2. Clear liquid diet 3. High fiber
34
Acute pancreatitis lab findings
1. Elevated lipase 2. Elevated ALT 3x fold= suggest gallstone pancreatitis 3. Hypocalcemia=necrotic fat binds to Ca+
35
Acute Pancreatitis abd x-ray findings
Sentinel loop
36
Chronic Pancreatitis si/sx's
1. Calcifications 2. DM 3. Stearorrhea
37
Chronic Pancreatitis X-ray findings
Calcified pancreas
38
What do you want to make sure you supplement your pt with who has chronic pancreatitis?
Pancreatic enzymes
39
List the hernias that require surgical repair
1. "Rolling" Hiatal hernia= fungus of stomach protrudes through diaphragm 2. Femoral hernia 3. Inguinal
40
Define Noninfectious Diarrhea
1. Water, Voluminous diarrhea 2. Vomiting 3. NO blood or WBC's
41
What is S. aureus Noninfectious Diarrhea associated with?
Food contamination: Dairy products, meats, eggs
42
What organism is associated with fried rice contamination in noninfectious diarrhea?
Bacillus Cereus
43
List the organism that produces "rice water stools"
Vibrio Cholera
44
What is V. Parahemolyticus associated with?
Shell Fish in Gulf of Mexico
45
What is the MCC of traveler's diarrhea
Enterotoxigenic E. coli | Unsanitary water/ice
46
C. diff si/sx's
1. Abd cramps 2. Diarrhea 3. Fever
47
C. diff lab and PEx findings
1. Striking Lymphocytosis 2. Pseduomembranous colitis 3. Toxic Megacolon
48
C. diff tx
1. Metronidazole=1st line | 2. Vanco=2nd line
49
What is the MC Viral cause of gastroenteritis in adults? Associated with what?
Norovirus | Cruise ships, hospitals, restaurants
50
What is the MC Viral cause of gastroenteritis in children?
Rotavirus
51
When are anti-motility drugs CI? Why?
Invasive diarrhea | May cause toxicity
52
List the anti-motility drugs used in Noninvasive diarrhea
1. Loperamide (Immodium): Opiod agonist, inhibits peristalsis 2. Anticholinergics: Phenobarbital, Hyoscyamine, Atropine, Scopolamine= inhibits Ach related GI motility
53
Define Invasive Infectious diarrhea
1. High Fever 2. + Blood 3. Fecal leukocytosis
54
What is the MCC of bacterial enteritis in the US? What is the contaminated food source?
Campylobacter enteritis= C. Jejuni | Undercooked poultry
55
Stool culture findings in Campylobacter enteritis
S, Comma, or Seagull shaped
56
Campylobacter enteritis treatment
Erythromycin
57
What is the MC antecedent even in post-infectious Guillan-Barre Syndrome?
C. jejuni
58
What organism can cause febrile seizures in children with infectious diarrhea?
Shigella
59
Shigella si/sx's
Lower Abd pain + Explosive watery diarrhea--> mucoid, bloody*
60
Shigella lab findings
Leukemoid reaction= WBC >50, 000
61
Shigella abx tx
Bactrim=1st line
62
Who is at the highest risk for Salmonella?
1. Immunocompromised | 2. Sickle cell dz
63
Salmonella abx tx
Fluoroquinolone
64
What is the only hepatitis associated with a spiked fever?
Hep A
65
Hep A transmission
Fecal-oral | Outbreaks with water/food during international travel, day care workers, MSM, shellfish
66
Hep A treatment
Self-limiting Post exposure prophylaxis: HAV immune globulin Pre-exposure: Hep A vaccine
67
What hepatitis is associated with the highest mortality during pregnancy?
Hep E | Increased risk for fulminant hepatitis
68
Hep C transmission
Parenteral: IV drug use*, Increased risk if blood transfusion before 1992
69
Hep C Treatment? What do you also need to screen for?
Pegylated Interferon alpha-2b + Ribavirin | Screen for HCC via serum AFP & US
70
What must you have in order to contract Hep D?
Hep B
71
What hepatitis is over 90% perinatally acquired?
Hep B
72
CI to Hep B vaccination
Allergy to Baker's yeast
73
Hep B treatment
Tenofovir, Entecavir, alpha-interferon 2b
74
List the causes of cirrhosis
1. ETOH=MCC 2. Chronic Viral Hepatitis= Hep C, B, D 3. Nonalcoholic Fatty liver dz: Obesity, DM, hypertriglyceridemia 4. Hemochromatosis

Emergency Med (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions